Edmund II, King of the English

Notes:

Edmund Ironside (died 30 November 1016), also known as Edmund II, was King of England from 23 April to 30 November 1016. He was the son of King ¥thelred the Unready and his first wife, ¥lfgifu of York. Edmund's reign was marred by a war he had inherited from his father, his cognomen "Ironside" was given to him "because of his valour" in resisting the Danish invasion led by Cnut the Great.[1]

Edmund was not expected to be King of England; however, by 1014 two elder brothers had died, making him the oldest male heir. His father, ¥thelred, was usurped by Sweyn Forkbeard in that same year, but Sweyn died shortly thereafter, paving the way for ¥thelred and his family to return to the throne, which they did but not without opposition. In the process they forced Sweyn's son, Cnut, back to Denmark, where he assembled an invasion force to re-conquer England. It would not arrive for another year.

After regaining the throne, the royal family set about strengthening its hold on the country with the assistance of Eadric Streona (Edmund's brother-in-law). People who had sided with the Danes in 1014 were punished, and some were killed. In one case, two brothers, Morcar and Sigeferth, were killed and their possessions, along with Sigferth's wife, were taken by Edmund. Edmund unofficially became the Earl of the East Midlands and took Ealdgyth for his wife.

Cnut returned to England in August 1015. Over the next few months, Cnut pillaged most of England. Edmund joined ¥thelred to defend London, but he died on 23 April 1016, making Edmund King. It was not until the summer of 1016 that any serious fighting was done: Edmund fought five battles against the Danes, ending in his defeat on 18 October at the Battle of Assandun, after which they agreed to divide the kingdom, Edmund taking Wessex and Cnut the rest of the country. Edmund died shortly afterwards on 30 November, leaving two sons, Edward and Edmund; however, Cnut became the king of all England, and exiled the remaining members of Edmund's family.

King of the English
Reign 23 April – 30 November 1016
Predecessor ¥thelred the Unready
Successor Cnut the Great
Born 990
Died 30 November 1016 (aged 26)
Oxford or London, England
Burial Glastonbury Abbey
Spouse Ealdgyth
Issue Edward the Exile
Edmund
House Wessex
Father ¥thelred the Unready
Mother ¥lfgifu of York
Religion British Church

Early life

The exact date of Edmund's birth is unclear, but it could have been no later than 993 when he was a signatory to charters along with his two elder brothers. He was the third of the six sons of King ¥thelred the Unready and his first wife, ¥lfgifu, who was probably the daughter of Earl Thored of Northumbria. His elder brothers were ¥thelstan (died 1014) and Egbert (died c. 1005), and younger ones, Eadred, Eadwig and Edgar.[1] He had four sisters, Eadgyth (or Edith), ¥lfgifu, Wulfhilda, and the Abbess of Wherwell Abbey. His mother died around 1000,[2] after which his father remarried, this time to Emma of Normandy, who had two sons, Edward the Confessor and Alfred and a daughter Goda.

¥thelstan and Edmund were close, and they probably felt threatened by Emma's ambitions for her sons.[3] The Life of Edward the Confessor, written fifty years later, claimed that when Emma was pregnant with him, all Englishmen promised that if the child was a boy they would accept him as king.[1] However that claim may just be propaganda.

Warrior prince

When Sweyn Forkbeard seized the throne at the end of 1013 and ¥thelred fled to Normandy, the brothers do not appear to have followed him, but stayed in England. ¥thelstan died in June 1014 and left Edmund a sword which had belonged to king Offa of Mercia.[1] His will also reflected the close relationship between the brothers and the nobility of the east midlands.[4]

Sweyn died in February 1014, and the Five Boroughs accepted his son Cnut, who married a kinswoman of Sigeferth and Morcar, as king. However, ¥thelred returned to England and launched a surprise attack which defeated the Vikings and forced Cnut to flee England. In 1015 Sigeferth and Morcar came to an assembly in Oxford, probably hoping for a royal pardon, but they were murdered by Eadric Streona. King ¥thelred then ordered that Sigeferth's widow, Ealdgyth, be seized and brought to Malmesbury Abbey, but Edmund seized and married her in defiance of his father, probably to consolidate his power base in the east midlands.[5] He then received the submission of the people of the Five Boroughs. At the same time, Cnut launched a new invasion of England. In late 1015 Edmund raised an army, possibly assisted by his wife's and mother's links with the midlands and the north, but the Mercians under Eadric Streona joined the West Saxons in submitting to Cnut. In early 1016 the army assembled by Edmund dispersed when ¥thelred did not appear to lead it, probably due to illness. Edmund then raised a new army and in conjunction with Earl Uhtred of Northumbria ravaged Eadric Streona's Mercian territories, but when Cnut occupied Northumbria Uhtred submitted to him, only to be killed by Cnut. Edmund went to London.[1]

King of England

¥thelred died on 23 April 1016, and the citizens and councillors in London chose Edmund as king and probably crowned him. He then mounted a last-ditch effort to revive the defence of England. While the Danes laid siege to London, Edmund headed for Wessex, where the people submitted to him and he gathered an army. He fought inconclusive battles against the Danes and their English supporters at Penselwood in Somerset and Sherston in Wiltshire. He then raised the siege of London and defeated the Danes near Brentford. They renewed the siege while Edmund went to Wessex to raise further troops, returning to again relieve London, defeat the Danes at Otford, and pursue Cnut into Kent. Eadric Streona now went over to Edmund, but at the decisive Battle of Assandun on 18 October, Eadric and his men fled and Cnut decisively defeated Edmund. There may have been one further battle in the Forest of Dean, after which the two kings negotiated a peace dividing the country between them. Edmund received Wessex while Cnut took Mercia and probably Northumbria.[1]

Death

On 30 November 1016, Edmund died. The location of his death is uncertain though it is generally accepted that it occurred in London, rather than in Oxford where Henry of Huntingdon claimed it to be in his sordid version of events, which included Edmund’s murder by suffering multiple stab wounds whilst on a privy tending to a call of nature.[6] Geoffrey Gaimar states a similar occurrence with the weapon being a crossbow, but with a number of other medieval chroniclers including the Encomium Emmae Reginae not mentioning murder, it is thought Edmund’s cause of death may possibly have been caused by wounds received in battle or by some disease, but it is certainly a possibility that he was murdered.

Edmund was buried near his grandfather Edgar at Glastonbury Abbey in Somerset. However the abbey was destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century, and any remains of a monument or crypt would have been plundered and the location of his remains is unclear.

Reputation

In the view of M. K. Lawson, the intensity of Edmund's struggle against the Danes in 1016 is only matched by Alfred the Great's in 871, and contrasts with ¥thelred's failure. Edmund's success in raising one army after another suggests that there was little wrong with the organs of government under competent leadership. He was "probably a highly determined, skilled and indeed inspiring leader of men". Cnut visited his tomb on the anniversary of his death and laid a cloak decorated with peacocks on it to assist in his salvation, peacocks symbolising resurrection.[1]

Descendants

Edmund had two children by Ealdgyth, Edward the Exile and Edmund. According to John of Worcester, Cnut sent them to the king of Sweden where he probably hoped they would be murdered, but the Swedish king instead forwarded them, together with his daughter, on to Kiev. The two boys eventually ended up in Hungary where Edmund died but Edward prospered. Edward "the Exile" returned to England in 1057 only to die within a few days of his arrival.[7] His son Edgar the ¥theling was briefly proclaimed king after the Battle of Hastings in 1066, but later submitted to William the Conqueror. Edgar would live a long and eventful life; fighting in rebellion against William the Conqueror from 1067-1075; fighting alongside the Conqueror's son Robert of Normandy in campaigns in Sicily (1085-1087); and accompanying Robert on the First Crusade (1099-1103). He was stlll alive in 1125.

In 1070 Edward the Exile's daughter, Margaret, became Queen consort to Malcolm III of Scotland. Through her and her decedents, Edmund is the direct ancestor of every subsequent Scottish monarch, every English monarch from Henry II onward, and every monarch of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom, down to the present.

Family/Spouse: Ealdgyth. Ealdgyth was born about 992; died after 1016. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Hungary

Notes:

Edward the Exile (1016 – 19 April 1057), also called Edward ¥theling, was the son of King Edmund Ironside and of Ealdgyth. He spent most of his life in exile in the Kingdom of Hungary following the defeat of his father by Canute the Great; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnut_the_Great.

Exile

After the Danish conquest of England in 1016, Canute had Edward, said to be only a few months old, and his brother, Edmund, sent to the Swedish court of Olof Skèotkonung[1][2] (who was either Canute's half-brother or stepbrother), supposedly with instructions to have the children murdered. Instead, the two boys were secretly sent either to Kiev,[3] where Olof's daughter Ingigerd was the Queen, or to Poland, where Canute's uncle Boleslaw I Chrobry was duke.[4] Later Edward made his way to Hungary, probably in the retinue of Ingigerd's son-in-law, Andrâas in 1046.

Return

On hearing the news of his being alive, Edward the Confessor recalled him to England in 1056 and made him his heir. Edward offered the last chance of an undisputed succession within the Saxon royal house. News of Edward's existence came at a time when the old Anglo-Saxon monarchy, restored after a long period of Danish domination, was heading for catastrophe. The Confessor, personally devout but politically weak and without children, was unable to make an effective stand against the steady advance of the powerful and ambitious sons of Godwin, Earl of Wessex. From across the Channel William, Duke of Normandy, also had an eye on the succession. Edward the Exile appeared at just the right time. Approved by both king and by the Witan, the Council of the Realm, he offered a way out of the impasse, a counter both to the Godwinsons and to William, and one with a legitimacy that could not be readily challenged.

In 1054 King Edward sent Ealdred, Bishop of Worcester, to the court of the German emperor to set in train negotiations with the king of Hungary for the return of Edward the Exile. Ealdred was not at first successful, and Earl Harold's journey to Flanders, and possibly on to Germany and Hungary, in 1056 was probably undertaken to further negotiations. The Exile finally arrived in England in 1057 with his wife and children, but died within a few days, on 19 April, without meeting the King. He was buried in Old St Paul's Cathedral.[5]

Family

Edward's wife was named Agatha, whose origins are disputed.[6] Their children were:

Edgar ¥theling (c. 1051 - c. 1126) - Elected King of England after the Battle of Hastings but submitted to William the Conqueror.
Saint Margaret of Scotland (c. 1045 - 16 November 1093) - Married King Malcolm III of Scotland.
Cristina (c. 1057 - c. 1093) - Abbess at Romsey Abbey.
Edward's grandchild Edith of Scotland, also called Matilda, married King Henry I of England, continuing the Anglo-Saxon line into the post-Conquest English monarchy.

Ancestors

Edward the Exile was a direct descendant of a line of Wessex kings dating back, at least on the pages of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, to the arrival of Cerdic of Wessex in 495AD, and from Alfred the Great in the English monarchs family tree.[7] Of his more immediate ancestors, all four of Edward's male-line ancestors shown in the diagram below were Kings of England before Cnut the Great took the crown and sent Edward into exile.[8]

Family/Spouse: Agatha. Agatha was born in >1030; died in <1070 in (England). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Saint Margaret "Queen of Scotland" Ceannmore formerly Wessex aka Canmore, Mac Donnachadh, Dunkeld
Born 1045 in Wessex, England
ANCESTORS ancestors
Daughter of Edward (Wessex) of Wessex and Agatha (Unknown) Wessex
Sister of Cristina (of England) Wessex, Edgar (Wessex) Atheling and Aethlreda (Wessex) ¥theling
Wife of Malcolm (Dunkeld) of Scotland — married about 1069 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland
DESCENDANTS descendants
Mother of Heth MacCrinan (Dunkeld) Earl of Fife, Edward (Dunkeld) of Scotland, Edmund Dunkeld, Aethelred (Dunkeld) Canmore, Edgar (Dunkeld) King of Scotland, Alexander mac Maâil Coluim (Dunkeld) of Scotland, Eadgith (Dunkeld) of Scotland, Mary (Dunkeld) Scotland and David (Dunkeld) of Scotland
Died 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland

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Contents
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1 Biography
1.1 Early Life
1.2 Family
1.3 Death
1.4 Canonisation
2 Sources
Biography
Saint Margaret of Scotland also known as Margaret of Wessex

b. abt. 1045; Margaret may have been born in Hungary,[1] "Aldred Bishop of Worcester, ambassador of King Edward 'the Confessor', proposed to the emperor to send envoys to Hungary to bring back Edward and have him conducted to England."[2]
d. 16 November 1093
Early Life
Margaret's parents were Edward "the Exile" (1016 – Aug 1057) son of Edmund Ironside, and his wife, Agatha, who was related to Gisela, wife of St. Stephen of Hungary,[3] Agatha's origins are disputed.[4]

Her father returned to England in 1057 and died two days later. After the conquest of England by the Normans, she was returning with her mother Agatha to return to the Continent when a storm drove their ship to Scotland, where the king, Malcolm III received them.[3]

Family
Margaret married at Dunfermline Abbey, in 1070, Malcolm III "Caennmor/Bighead" King of Scotland as his second wife.[2] Issue:

Edward, killed at Alnwick defending father;
Ethelred, Earl of Fife, and Abbot of Dunkeld before its erection into a bishopric, and still under Columbite rule, who gave lands of Ardmore to the Culdees of Loch Leven. Buried at St Andrews;
Edmund, who once shared throne with uncle, Donald-bain; became a monk after Donald's deposition in the Cluniae Priory of Montague in Somersetshire, and died there in the odour of sanctity. —Sir James Balfour;
Edgar, who told his mother about his father's and brother's death at Dunfermline (Turgot, confessor and biographer);
Alexander I, surnamed Fierce, had the earldom of Innergoury - given by uncle (Donald-bain) at his baptism;
David I, the Saint;
Matilda m. Henry I, King of England;
Mary m. Eustace, Count de Bulloigne, (bros. Godfrey, King of Jerusalem). issue: "Matilda" m. Stephen, King of England; from Mary also descended the Dukes de Bulloigne, including the celebrated Turenne, General of Louis XIV;[5]
Death
Already ill when her son, Edmund, told her that her husband and eldest son died on 13 November 1093, Margaret died in Edinburgh Castle three days after them on 16 Nov 1093, some say of a broken heart.[2]

(Royal Ancestry) (Malcolm's) widow, Margaret, died at Edinburgh Castle 16 Nov. 1093, and was buried before the high altar in the church of the Holy Trinity at Dunfermline, Fife.

(Wikipedia) In 1250 her body and that of her husband were exhumed and placed in a new shrine in the Abbey. In 1560 Mary Queen of Scots had Margaret's head removed to Edinburgh Castle as a relic to assist her in childbirth. In 1597 the head ended up with the Jesuits at the Scots' College, Douai, France, but was lost during the French Revolution. Philip II of Spain had the other remains of Margaret and her husband Malcolm transferred to the Escorial in Madrid (royal mausoleum), but they cannot now be found. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland)

Canonisation
Maragaret was canonised in the year 1250, by Pope Innocent IV. In 1969, her veneration day was changed to the date of her death--16 Nov. 1093. She was already ill when her son, Edmund, told her of her husband and eldest son's death. Margaret died in Edinburgh Castle nine days later, some say of a broken heart.[2]

(Royal Ancestry) She was canonized by Pope Innocent IV in 1250.

Sources
Royal Ancestry 2013 Vol. IV p. 576-578
? If she was bornin Hungary, there should be a source that she was born at Castle Reka, Mecseknaddasd, Hungary in 1054
? 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Charles Cawley, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (FMG), KINGS of WESSEX 802-944, KINGS of ENGLAND 944-1066, Medieval Lands, 2006-15, accessed 20 July 2015.
? 3.0 3.1 Huddleston, Gilbert. "St. Margaret of Scotland." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 20 July 2015 .
? Wikipedia: Edward the Exile, accessed 20 July 2015.
? Douglas, D. (1899). Scottish kings: A revised chronology of Scottish history, 1005-1625. Edinburgh. archive.org.
See also:

Post, W.E. (1999). Saints, Signs and Symbols, (2nd, ed. pp.47). Essex: Hart-Talbot Printers, Ltd.
Wikipedia contributors, "Saint Margaret of Scotland," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland&oldid=788950538 (accessed August 1, 2017).

end of this biography

Saint Margaret of Scotland (c. 1045 - 16 November 1093), also known as Margaret of Wessex, was an English princess and a Scottish queen. Margaret was sometimes called "The Pearl of Scotland".[1] Born in exile in the Kingdom of Hungary, she was the sister of Edgar ¥theling, the shortly reigned and uncrowned Anglo-Saxon King of England. Margaret and her family returned to the Kingdom of England in 1057, but fled to the Kingdom of Scotland following the Norman conquest of England in 1066. By the end of 1070, Margaret had married King Malcolm III of Scotland, becoming Queen of Scots. She was a very pious Roman Catholic, and among many charitable works she established a ferry across the Firth of Forth in Scotland for pilgrims travelling to St Andrews in Fife, which gave the towns of South Queensferry and North Queensferry their names. Margaret was the mother of three kings of Scotland, or four, if Edmund of Scotland, who ruled with his uncle, Donald III, is counted, and of a queen consort of England. According to the Vita S. Margaritae (Scotorum) Reginae (Life of St. Margaret, Queen (of the Scots)), attributed to Turgot of Durham, she died at Edinburgh Castle in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1093, merely days after receiving the news of her husband's death in battle. In 1250 Pope Innocent IV canonized her, and her remains were reinterred in a shrine in Dunfermline Abbey in Fife, Scotland. Her relics were dispersed after the Scottish Reformation and subsequently lost. Mary, Queen of Scots at one time owned her head, which was subsequently preserved by Jesuits in the Scottish College, Douai, France, from where it was subsequently lost during the French Revolution.

Queen consort of Scotland
Tenure 1070-93
Born c.?1045
Kingdom of Hungary
Died 16 November 1093
Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Kingdom of Scotland
Burial Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Kingdom of Scotland
Spouse Malcolm III, King of Scotland
Issue
more... Edmund, Bishop of Dunkeld
Ethelred
Edgar, King of Scotland
Alexander I, King of Scotland
David I, King of Scotland
Matilda, Queen of England
Mary, Countess of Boulogne
House Wessex
Father Edward the Exile
Mother Agatha

Early life

Margaret from a medieval family tree.
Margaret was the daughter of the English prince Edward the Exile, and granddaughter of Edmund Ironside, King of England.[1] After the Danish conquest of England in 1016, King Canute the Great had the infant Edward exiled to the continent. He was taken first to the court of the Swedish king, Olof Skèotkonung, and then to Kiev. As an adult, he travelled to Hungary, where in 1046 he supported the successful bid of King Andrew I for the Hungarian crown. King Andrew I was then also known as "Andrew the Catholic" for his extreme aversion to pagans and great loyalty to the Roman Catholic Church. The provenance of Margaret's mother, Agatha, is disputed, but Margaret was born in Hungary c. 1045. Her brother Edgar the ¥theling and sister Cristina were also born in Hungary around this time. Margaret grew up in a very religious environment in the Hungarian court.

Return to England

Still a child, she came to England with the rest of her family when her father, Edward the Exile, was recalled in 1057 as a possible successor to her great-uncle, the childless King Edward the Confessor. Whether from natural or sinister causes, her father died immediately after landing, and Margaret continued to reside at the English court where her brother, Edgar ¥theling, was considered a possible successor to the English throne.[1] When Edward the Confessor died in January 1066, Harold Godwinson was selected as king, possibly because Edgar was considered too young. After Harold's defeat at the Battle of Hastings later that year, Edgar was proclaimed King of England, but when the Normans advanced on London, the Witenagemot presented Edgar to William the Conqueror, who took him to Normandy before returning him to England in 1068, when Edgar, Margaret, Cristina, and their mother Agatha fled north to Northumbria, England.

Journey to Scotland

According to tradition, the widowed Agatha decided to leave Northumbria, England with her children and return to the continent. However, a storm drove their ship north to the Kingdom of Scotland in 1068, where they sought the protection of King Malcolm III. The locus where it is believed that they landed is known today as St Margaret's Hope, near the village of North Queensferry, Fife, Scotland. Margaret's arrival in Scotland, after the failed revolt of the Northumbrian earls, has been heavily romanticized, though Symeon of Durham implied that her first meeting of Malcolm III may not have been until 1070, after William the Conqueror's Harrying of the North.

King Malcolm III was a widower with two sons, Donald and Duncan. He would have been attracted to marrying one of the few remaining members of the Anglo-Saxon royal family. The marriage of Malcolm and Margaret occurred in 1070. Subsequently, Malcolm executed several invasions of Northumberland to support the claim of his new brother-in-law Edgar and to increase his own power. These, however, had little effect save the devastation of the County.[2]

Progeny

Margaret and Malcolm had eight children, six sons and two daughters:

Edward (c. 1071 — 13 November 1093), killed along with his father Malcolm III in the Battle of Alnwick
Edmund of Scotland (c.1071 – post 1097)
Ethelred of Scotland, Abbot of Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
Edgar of Scotland (c.1074 — 11 January 1107), King of Scotland, regnat 1097-1107
Alexander I of Scotland (c.1078 — 23 April 1124), King of Scotland, regnat 1107-24
Edith of Scotland (c. 1080 – 1 May 1118), also named "Matilda", married King Henry I of England, Queen Consort of England
Mary of Scotland (1082-1116), married Eustace III of Boulogne
David I of Scotland (c.1083 – 24 May 1153), King of Scotland, regnat 1124-53

Piety

Malcolm greeting Margaret at her arrival in Scotland; detail of a mural by Victorian artist William Hole
Margaret's biographer Turgot of Durham, Bishop of St. Andrew's, credits her with having a civilizing influence on her husband Malcolm by reading him narratives from the Bible. She instigated religious reform, striving to conform the worship and practices of the Church in Scotland to those of Rome. This she did on the inspiration and with the guidance of Lanfranc, a future Archbishop of Canterbury.[3] She also worked to conform the practices of the Scottish Church to those of the continental Church, which she experienced in her childhood. Due to these achievements, she was considered an exemplar of the "just ruler", and moreover influenced her husband and children, especially her youngest son, the future King David I of Scotland, to be just and holy rulers.

"The chroniclers all agree in depicting Queen Margaret as a strong, pure, noble character, who had very great influence over her husband, and through him over Scottish history, especially in its ecclesiastical aspects. Her religion, which was genuine and intense, was of the newest Roman style; and to her are attributed a number of reforms by which the Church [in] Scotland was considerably modified from the insular and primitive type which down to her time it had exhibited. Among those expressly mentioned are a change in the manner of observing Lent, which thenceforward began as elsewhere on Ash Wednesday and not as previously on the following Monday, and the abolition of the old practice of observing Saturday (Sabbath), not Sunday, as the day of rest from labour (see Skene's Celtic Scotland, book ii chap. 8)."[4] The later editions of the Encyclopµdia Britannica, however, as an example, the Eleventh Edition, remove Skene's opinion that Scottish Catholics formerly rested from work on Saturday, something for which there is no historical evidence. Skene's Celtic Scotland, vol. ii, chap. 8, pp. 348–350, quotes from a contemporary document regarding Margaret's life, but his source says nothing at all of Saturday Sabbath observance, but rather says St. Margaret exhorted the Scots to cease their tendency "to neglect the due observance of the Lord's day."

She attended to charitable works, serving orphans and the poor every day before she ate and washing the feet of the poor in imitation of Christ. She rose at midnight every night to attend the liturgy. She successfully invited the Benedictine Order to establish a monastery in Dunfermline, Fife in 1072, and established ferries at Queensferry and North Berwick to assist pilgrims journeying from south of the Firth of Forth to St. Andrew's in Fife. She used a cave on the banks of the Tower Burn in Dunfermline as a place of devotion and prayer. St. Margaret's Cave, now covered beneath a municipal car park, is open to the public.[5] Among other deeds, Margaret also instigated the restoration of Iona Abbey in Scotland.[6] She is also known to have interceded for the release of fellow English exiles who had been forced into serfdom by the Norman conquest of England.[7]

Margaret was as pious privately as she was publicly. She spent much of her time in prayer, devotional reading, and ecclesiastical embroidery. This apparently had considerable effect on the more uncouth Malcolm, who was illiterate: he so admired her piety that he had her books decorated in gold and silver. One of these, a pocket gospel book with portraits of the Evangelists, is in the Bodleian Library in Oxford, England.[8]

Malcolm was apparently largely ignorant of the long-term effects of Margaret's endeavours, not being especially religious himself. He was content for her to pursue her reforms as she desired, which was a testament to the strength of and affection in their marriage.[6]

Death

Her husband Malcolm III, and their eldest son Edward, were killed in the Battle of Alnwick against the English on 13 November 1093. Her son Edgar was left with the task of informing his mother of their deaths. Margaret was not yet 50 years old, but a life of constant austerity and fasting had taken its toll.[3] Already ill, Margaret died on 16 November 1093, three days after the deaths of her husband and eldest son. She was buried before the high altar in Dunfermline Abbey in Fife, Scotland. In 1250, the year of her canonization, her body and that of her husband were exhumed and placed in a new shrine in the Abbey. In 1560 Mary Queen of Scots had Margaret's head removed to Edinburgh Castle as a relic to assist her in childbirth. In 1597 Margaret's head ended up with the Jesuits at the Scottish College, Douai, France, but was lost during the French Revolution. King Philip of Spain had the other remains of Margaret and Malcolm III transferred to the Escorial palace in Madrid, Spain, but their present location has not been discovered.[9]

Veneration

Site of the ruined Shrine of St. Margaret at Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland

St Margaret's Chapel in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland

St Margaret's Church in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland
Canonization and feast day[edit]
Pope Innocent IV canonized St. Margaret in 1250 in recognition of her personal holiness, fidelity to the Roman Catholic Church, work for ecclesiastical reform, and charity. On 19 June 1250, after her canonisation, her remains were transferred to a chapel in the eastern apse of Dunfermline Abbey in Fife, Scotland.[10] In 1693 Pope Innocent XII moved her feast day to 10 June in recognition of the birthdate of the son of James VII of Scotland and II of England.[11] In the revision of the General Roman Calendar in 1969, 16 November became free and the Church transferred her feast day to 16 November, the date of her death, on which it always had been observed in Scotland.[12] However, some traditionalist Catholics continue to celebrate her feast day on 10 June.

She is also venerated as a saint in the Anglican Church.

Institutions bearing her name

Several churches throughout the world are dedicated in honour of St Margaret. One of the oldest is St Margaret's Chapel in Edinburgh Castle in Edinburgh, Scotland, which her son King David I founded. The Chapel was long thought to have been the oratory of Margaret herself, but is now thought to have been established in the 12th century. The oldest edifice in Edinburgh, it was restored in the 19th century and refurbished in the 1990s. Numerous other institutions are named for her as well.

end of this biography

Margaret married Malcolm III of Scotland, King of Scots in ~1069 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. Malcolm (son of Duncan I of Scotland, King of Alba and Suthen, Queen of Scotland) was born in 0Mar 1031 in Scotland; died on 13 Nov 1093 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Normandy, France

Notes:

Matilda of Scotland (c. 1080 – 1 May 1118), originally christened Edith,[1] was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry I.

Matilda was the daughter of the English princess Saint Margaret and the Scottish king Malcolm III. At the age of about six Matilda was sent with her sister to be educated in a convent in southern England, where her aunt Cristina was abbess. It is not clear if she spent much time in Scotland thereafter. In 1093, when she was about 13, she was engaged to an English nobleman when her father and brother Edward were killed in a minor raid into England, and her mother died soon after; her fiance then abandoned the proposed marriage. In Scotland a messy succession conflict followed between Matilda's uncle Donald III, her half-brother Duncan II and brother Edgar until 1097. Matilda's whereabouts during this no doubt difficult period are uncertain.

But after the suspicious death of William II of England in 1100 and accession of his brother Henry I, Matilda's prospects improved. Henry moved quickly to propose to her. It is said that he already knew and admired her, and she may indeed have spent time at the English court. Edgar was now secure on the Scottish throne, offering the prospect of better relations between the two countries, and Matilda also had the considerable advantage of Anglo-Saxon royal blood, which the Norman dynasty largely lacked.[2] There was a difficulty about the marriage; a special church council was called to be satisfied that Matilda had not taken vows as a nun, which her emphatic testimony managed to convince them of.

Matilda and Henry married in late 1100. They had two children who reached adulthood and two more who died young. Matilda led a literary and musical court, but was also pious. She embarked on building projects for the church, and took a role in government when her husband was away; many surviving charters are signed by her. Matilda lived to see her daughter Matilda become Holy Roman Empress but died two years before the drowning of her son William. Henry remarried, but had no further legitimate children, which caused a succession crisis known as The Anarchy. Matilda is buried in Westminster Abbey and was fondly remembered by her subjects as "Matilda the Good Queen" and "Matilda of Blessed Memory". There was an attempt to have her canonized, which was not pursued.

Early life

Matilda was born around 1080 in Dunfermline, the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret. She was christened (baptised) Edith, and Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy, stood as godfather at the ceremony. The English queen Matilda of Flanders was also present at the baptismal font and served as her godmother. Baby Matilda pulled at Queen Matilda's headdress, which was seen as an omen that the younger Matilda would be queen one day.[3]

The Life of St Margaret, Queen of Scotland was later written for Matilda possibly by Turgot of Durham. It refers to Matilda's childhood and her relationship with her mother. In it, Margaret is described as a strict but loving mother. She did not spare the rod when it came to raising her children in virtue, which the author presupposed was the reason for the good behaviour Matilda and her siblings displayed, and Margaret also stressed the importance of piety.[4]

When she was about six years old, Matilda of Scotland (or Edith as she was then probably still called) and her sister Mary were sent to Romsey Abbey, near Southampton in southern England, where their aunt Cristina was abbess. During her stay at Romsey and, some time before 1093, at Wilton Abbey, both institutions known for learning,[5] the Scottish princess was much sought-after as a bride; refusing proposals from William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, and Alan Rufus, Lord of Richmond. Hâeriman of Tournai claimed that William Rufus considered marrying her. Her education went beyond the standard feminine pursuits. This was not surprising as her mother was a great lover of books. Her daughters learned English, French, and some Latin, and were sufficiently literate to read St. Augustine and the Bible.[6]

In 1093, her parents betrothed her to Alan Rufus, Lord of Richmond, one of her numerous suitors. However, before the marriage took place, her father entered into a dispute with William Rufus. In response, he marauded the English king's lands where he was surprised by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria and killed along with his son, Edward. Upon hearing of her husband and son's death, Margaret, already ill, died on 16 November. Edith was now an orphan. She was abandoned by her betrothed who ran off with a daughter of Harold Godwinson, Gunhild of Wessex. However, he died before they could be married.[7]

She had left the monastery by 1093, when Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote to the Bishop of Salisbury ordering that the daughter of the King of Scotland be returned to the monastery that she had left. She did not return to Wilton and until 1100, is largely unaccounted for in chronicles.[8]

Marriage

After William II's death in the New Forest in August 1100, his brother, Henry, immediately seized the royal treasury and crown. His next task was to marry and Henry's choice was Matilda. Because Matilda had spent most of her life in a convent, there was some controversy over whether she was a nun and thus canonically ineligible for marriage. Henry sought permission for the marriage from Archbishop Anselm, who returned to England in September 1100 after a long exile. Professing himself unwilling to decide so weighty a matter on his own, Anselm called a council of bishops in order to determine the canonical legality of the proposed marriage. Matilda testified that she had never taken holy vows, insisting that her parents had sent her and her sister to England for educational purposes, and her aunt Cristina had veiled her to protect her "from the lust of the Normans." Matilda claimed she had pulled the veil off and stamped on it, and her aunt beat and scolded her for this act. The council concluded that Matilda was not a nun, never had been and her parents had not intended that she become one, giving their permission for the marriage.

Matilda and Henry seem to have known one another for some time before their marriage — William of Malmesbury states that Henry had "long been attached" to her, and Orderic Vitalis says that Henry had "long adored" her character. It is possible that Matilda had spent some time at William Rufus's court and that the pair had met there. It is also possible Henry was introduced to his bride by his teacher Bishop Osmund. Whatever the case, it is clear that the two at least knew each other prior to their wedding. Additionally, the chronicler William of Malmesbury suggests that the new king loved his bride.[9]

Matilda's mother was the sister of Edgar the ¥theling, proclaimed but uncrowned King of England after Harold, and, through her mother, Matilda was descended from Edmund Ironside and thus from the royal family of Wessex, which in the 10th century had become the royal family of a united England. This was extremely important because although Henry had been born in England, he needed a bride with ties to the ancient Wessex line to increase his popularity with the English and to reconcile the Normans and Anglo-Saxons.[10] In their children, the two factions would be united, further unifying the new regime. Another benefit was that England and Scotland became politically closer; three of Matilda's brothers became kings of Scotland in succession and were unusually friendly towards England during this period of unbroken peace between the two nations: Alexander married one of Henry I's illegitimate daughters and David lived at Henry's court for some time before his accession.[11]

Matilda had a small dower but it did incorporate some lordship rights. Most of her dower estates were granted from lands previously held by Edith of Wessex. Additionally, Henry made numerous grants on his wife including substantial property in London. Generosity aside, this was a political move in order to win over the unruly Londoners who were vehement supporters of the Wessex kings.[12]

Queen

The seal of Matilda
After Matilda and Henry were married on 11 November 1100 at Westminster Abbey by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, she was crowned as "Matilda," a hallowed Norman name. By courtiers, however, she and her husband were soon nicknamed 'Godric and Godiva'.[13] These two names were typical English names from before The Conquest and mocked their more rustic style, especially when compared to the flamboyance of William II.

She gave birth to a daughter, Matilda, born in February 1102, and a son, William, called "Adelin", in November 1103. As queen, she resided primarily at Westminster, but accompanied her husband on his travels around England, and, circa 1106–1107, probably visited Normandy with him. Matilda was the designated head of Henry's curia and acted as regent during his frequent absences.[14]

During the English investiture controversy (1103-07), she acted as intercessor between her husband and archbishop Anselm. She wrote several letters during Anselm's absence, first asking him for advice and to return, but later increasingly to mediate.[15]

Works

Matilda had great interest in architecture and instigated the building of many Norman-style buildings, including Waltham Abbey and Holy Trinity Aldgate.[16] She also had the first arched bridge in England built, at Stratford-le-Bow, as well as a bathhouse with piped-in water and public lavatories at Queenhithe.[17]

Her court was filled with musicians and poets; she commissioned a monk, possibly Thurgot, to write a biography of her mother, Saint Margaret. She was an active queen and, like her mother, was renowned for her devotion to religion and the poor. William of Malmesbury describes her as attending church barefoot at Lent, and washing the feet and kissing the hands of the sick. Matilda exhibited a particular interest in leprosy, founding at least two leper hospitals, including the institution that later became the parish church of St Giles-in-the-Fields.[18] She also administered extensive dower properties and was known as a patron of the arts, especially music.

Death

After Matilda died on 1 May 1118 at Westminster Palace, she was buried at Westminster Abbey. The death of her son, William Adelin, in the tragic disaster of the White Ship (November 1120) and Henry's failure to produce a legitimate son from his second marriage led to the succession crisis of The Anarchy.

Legacy

After her death, she was remembered by her subjects as "Matilda the Good Queen" and "Matilda of Blessed Memory", and for a time sainthood was sought for her, though she was never canonized. Matilda is also thought to be the identity of the "Fair Lady" mentioned at the end of each verse in the nursery rhyme London Bridge Is Falling Down. The post-Norman conquest English monarchs to the present day are related to the Anglo-Saxon House of Wessex monarchs via Matilda of Scotland as she was the great-granddaughter of King Edmund Ironside, see House of Wessex family tree.

Issue

Matilda and Henry had issue

Euphemia (July/August 1101), died young
Matilda of England (c. February 1102 – 10 September 1167), Holy Roman Empress, Countess consort of Anjou, called Lady of the English
William Adelin, (5 August 1103 – 25 November 1120), sometimes called Duke of Normandy, who married Matilda (d.1154), daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou.
Elizabeth (August/September 1104), died young

Appearance and character

"It causes pleasure to see the queen whom no woman equals in beauty of body or face, hiding her body, nevertheless, in a veil of loose clothing. Here alone, with new modesty, wishes to conceal it, but what gleams with its own light cannot be hidden and the sun, penetrating his clouds, hurls his rays." She also had "fluent, honeyed speech." From a poem of Marbodius of Rennes.

Matilda married Henry I, King of England on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, 20 Deans Yd, London SW1P 3PA, United Kingdom. Henry (son of William the Conqueror, King of England, Duke of Normandy and Matilda of Flanders, Queen of England) was born in 1068-1070 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; was christened on 5 Aug 1100 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Saint-Denis-en-Lyons, Normandy, France; was buried on 4 Jan 1136 in Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Eustace III, Count of Boulogne in 1102 in Boulogne, Pas-De-Calais, France. Eustace (son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne and Ida of Lorraine) was born before 1058 in Boulogne, Pas-De-Calais, France; died on 25 Jan 1125 in Boulogne, Pas-De-Calais, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

David I or Dauâid mac Maâil Choluim (Modern: Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim;[1] c. 1085 – 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians (1113–1124) and later King of the Scots (1124–1153). The youngest son of Mâael Coluim III (Malcolm III) and Margaret of Wessex, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093. Perhaps after 1100, he became a dependent at the court of King Henry I. There he was influenced by the Norman and Anglo-French culture of the court.

When David's brother Alexander I of Scotland died in 1124, David chose, with the backing of Henry I, to take the Kingdom of Scotland (Alba) for himself. He was forced to engage in warfare against his rival and nephew, Mâael Coluim mac Alaxandair. Subduing the latter seems to have taken David ten years, a struggle that involved the destruction of Óengus, Mormaer of Moray. David's victory allowed expansion of control over more distant regions theoretically part of his Kingdom. After the death of his former patron Henry I, David supported the claims of Henry's daughter and his own niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda, to the throne of England. In the process, he came into conflict with King Stephen and was able to expand his power in northern England, despite his defeat at the Battle of the Standard in 1138.

The term "Davidian Revolution" is used by many scholars to summarise the changes which took place in Scotland during his reign. These included his foundation of burghs and regional markets, implementation of the ideals of Gregorian Reform, foundation of monasteries, Normanisation of the Scottish government, and the introduction of feudalism through immigrant French and Anglo-French knights.

Read more ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland

Family/Spouse: Maud of Huntingdon, Queen Consort of Scotland. Maud (daughter of Waltheof Huntington, Earl of Northumbria and Judith of Lens, Countess of Northumberland) was born in ~1074 in Northumberland, England; died in 1130-1131 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland; was buried in Scone Abbey, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude,[nb 1] was the claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St. Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry had no children, and when Henry died in 1125, the crown was claimed by Lothair II, one of his political enemies.

Meanwhile, Matilda's younger brother, William Adelin, died in the White Ship disaster of 1120, leaving England facing a potential succession crisis. On Henry V's death, Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated Matilda as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. Henry died in 1135 but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from the Norman barons and were unable to pursue their claims. The throne was instead taken by Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church. Stephen took steps to solidify his new regime, but faced threats both from neighbouring powers and from opponents within his kingdom.

In 1139 Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, and her uncle, King David I of Scotland, while Geoffrey focused on conquering Normandy. Matilda's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled the Lady of the English. Robert was captured following the Rout of Winchester in 1141, and Matilda agreed to exchange him for Stephen. Matilda became trapped in Oxford Castle by Stephen's forces that winter, and was forced to escape across the frozen River Isis at night to avoid capture. The war degenerated into a stalemate, with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England, and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local, independent barons.

Matilda returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154. She settled her court near Rouen and for the rest of her life concerned herself with the administration of Normandy, acting on Henry's behalf when necessary. Particularly in the early years of her son's reign, she provided political advice and attempted to mediate during the Becket controversy. She worked extensively with the Church, founding Cistercian monasteries, and was known for her piety. She was buried under the high altar at Bec Abbey after her death in 1167.

Matilda married Sir Geoffrey "Le Bon" Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy on 3 Apr 1127 in Le Massachusetts, Sarthe, France. Geoffrey was born on 24 Sep 1113 in Anjou, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Chateau-Du-Loir, Eure-Et-Loire, France; was buried in Saint Julian Church, Le Mans, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Stephen of England, King of England. Stephen (son of Stephen, II, Count of Blois and Adela of Normandy) was born in ~ 1092 in Blois, France; died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover, Kent, England; was buried in Faversham Abbey, Kent, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Henry of Scotland (Eanric mac Dabâid, 1114 – 12 June 1152[1]) was heir apparent to the Kingdom of Alba. He was also the 3rd Earl of Northumberland and the 3rd Earl of Huntingdon. He was the son of King David I of Scotland and Queen Maud, 2nd Countess of Huntingdon.[2] Henry was named after his uncle, King Henry I of England, who had married his paternal aunt Edith.

Earldom

David, Henry's father, invaded England in 1136. His army was met by Stephen of Blois at Carlisle. Instead of battle, there was a negotiated settlement that included Henry performing homage to Stephen for Carlisle and the Earldom of Huntingdon.[3] Henry's journey to Stephen's court for Easter (1136) was met with resentment, including an accusation of treason,[4] which brought about his return at his father's insistence.[4]

After another invasion by his father, Henry was finally invested with the Earldom of Northumberland in 1139.[5] Later in the year, Henry met with Stephen at Nottingham, where he was also reinvested with Carlisle and Cumberland.[5] At which time Henry paid homage to Stephen for his Earldom.[5]

Henry's inclusion into King Stephen's inner circle was highlighted by his arranged marriage to Ada de Warenne.[6] This marriage secured Henry's place within Stephen's kingdom.[6] Following Stephen's capture by forces of Empress Matilda, Henry held the Earldom of Northumberland as a Scottish fief.[7]

On Henry's death, the Earldom passed to his half-brother Simon II de Senlis.

Family

In 1139, Henry married Ada de Warenne,[1] the daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (died 1138), and Elizabeth of Vermandois, daughter of Hugh of Vermandois.

Ada of Huntingdon (1139–1206), married in 1161, Floris III, Count of Holland.[2]
Margaret of Huntingdon (1145–1201)
Married [1] in 1160 Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, (died 1171)[8]
Married [2] Humphrey III de Bohun, Lord of Trowbridge.
Married [3] Sir William fitz Patrick de Hertburn
Malcolm IV of Scotland.[2]
William I of Scotland.[2]
David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon.[2]
Matilda of Huntingdon, born and died 1152.
Marjorie of Huntingdon, married Gille Crâist, Earl of Angus.

end of biography

Henry married Ada de Warenne in 1139 in England. Ada (daughter of Sir William de Warenne, Knight, 2nd Earl of Surrey and Lady Isabel de Vermandois, Countess of Leicester) was born in ~ 1120 in Surry, England; died in 1178 in England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Henry founded the Plantagenet Dynasty...

Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany. Henry was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. He became actively involved by the age of 14 in his mother's efforts to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois, and was made Duke of Normandy at 17. He inherited Anjou in 1151 and shortly afterwards married Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to Louis VII of France had recently been annulled. Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153, and Henry inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later.

Henry was an energetic and sometimes ruthless ruler, driven by a desire to restore the lands and privileges of his grandfather Henry I. During the early years of his reign the younger Henry restored the royal administration in England, re-established hegemony over Wales and gained full control over his lands in Anjou, Maine and Touraine. Henry's desire to reform the relationship with the Church led to conflict with his former friend Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This controversy lasted for much of the 1160s and resulted in Becket's murder in 1170. Henry soon came into conflict with Louis VII and the two rulers fought what has been termed a "cold war" over several decades. Henry expanded his empire, often at Louis' expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties, no lasting agreement was reached. By 1172, he controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland and the western half of France, an area that would later come to be called the Angevin Empire.

Henry and Eleanor had eight children. As they grew up, tensions over the future inheritance of the empire began to emerge, encouraged by Louis and his son King Philip II. In 1173 Henry's heir apparent, "Young Henry", rebelled in protest; he was joined by his brothers Richard and Geoffrey and by their mother, Eleanor. France, Scotland, Brittany, Flanders, and Boulogne allied themselves with the rebels. The Great Revolt was only defeated by Henry's vigorous military action and talented local commanders, many of them "new men" appointed for their loyalty and administrative skills. Young Henry and Geoffrey revolted again in 1183, resulting in Young Henry's death. The Norman invasion of Ireland provided lands for his youngest son John, but Henry struggled to find ways to satisfy all his sons' desires for land and immediate power. Philip successfully played on Richard's fears that Henry would make John king, and a final rebellion broke out in 1189. Decisively defeated by Philip and Richard and suffering from a bleeding ulcer, Henry retreated to Chinon castle in Anjou, where he died.

Henry's empire quickly collapsed during the reign of his youngest son John. Many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule, however, had long-term consequences. Henry's legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for the English Common Law, while his intervention in Brittany, Wales and Scotland shaped the development of their societies and governmental systems. Historical interpretations of Henry's reign have changed considerably over time. In the 18th century, scholars argued that Henry was a driving force in the creation of a genuinely English monarchy and, ultimately, a unified Britain. During the Victorian expansion of the British Empire, historians were keenly interested in the formation of Henry's own empire, but they also expressed concern over his private life and treatment of Becket. Late-20th-century historians have combined British and French historical accounts of Henry, challenging earlier Anglo-centric interpretations of his reign.

Who could forget Peter O'Toole's magnificient protrayal of Henry II in the 1968 movie production of "The Lion in Winter" and Katherine Hepburn's Eleanor of Aquitaine? ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion_in_Winter_(1968_film)

end of biography

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p H178. 'Royalty for Commoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 37-38. Reigned 1154-1189.

He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostitilties with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional importance. Introduced trial by Jury. Duke of Normandy. Henry II 'Curt Mantel,' Duke of Normandy, Count of Maine and Anjou, King Of England became king in 1154.

At the height of his power, Henry ruled England and almost all western France. His marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, the most famous woman of the age, brought the duchy of Aquitaine under his control. Henry also claimed to rule Scotland, Wales, and eastern Ireland. Henry II carried on his grandfather's policy of limiting the power of the nobles. He also tried to make the Roman Catholic Church in England submit to his authority. This policy brought him into conflict with Thomas a Becket, Achbishop of Canterbury. Four of the king's knights murdered Becket while he was at vespers in his cathedral. Henry made Anglo-Saxon common law, rather than the revised Roman law, the supreme law of the land. He introduced trial by jury and circuit courts. In his later years, Henry's sons often rebelled against him. Two of them, Richard the Lion-Hearted and John, became the next two kings of England.

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Henry II (reigned 1154-89)

ruled over an empire which stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. Married to Eleanor, the heiress of Aquitaine, the king spent only 13 years of his reign in England; the other 21 years were spent on the continent in his territories in what is now France. By 1158, Henry had restored to the crown some of the lands and royal power lost by Stephen. For example, locally chosen sheriffs were changed into royally appointed agents charged with enforcing the law and collecting taxes in the counties. Personally interested in government and law, Henry strengthened royal justice, making use of juries and re-introduced the sending of justices (judges) on regular tours of the country to try cases for the Crown. His legal reforms have led him to be seen as the founder of English Common Law. Henry's disagreements with his Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, over Church/State relations ended in Becket's murder in 1170. Family disputes almost wrecked the king's achievements and he died in 1189 at war with his sons.

Reigned 25 Oct 1154-1189. Invested As Duke Of Nomandy By His Parents In 1150.

Ruled An Empire That Stretched From The Tweed To The Pyrenees.

Numerous Quarrels With French King, & His Own Family.

Quarreled With Thomas Becket.

Beat Rebellious Barons (Culminating In The Great Revolt Of 1173-74).

Retained Control Of His Possessions Until Shortly Before His Death.

Important Judicial & Admin. Reforms Incr. Power Of King At The Expense Of Barons

Introduced Trial By Jury.

Count Of Anjou & Aquitaine.

Died:
Images and commentary for Chinon Castle ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chinon

Buried:
Click on this link to view images of Fontevraud Abbey ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontevraud_Abbey

Henry married Eleanore de Aquitaine, Queen of England on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France. Eleanore was born in 1123 in Chateau de Belin, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Poitiers, France; was buried on 1 Apr 1204 in Fontevraud Abbey, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Annabel Balliol on 5 Jun 1169. Annabel was born on 18 May 1153 in Bernard Castle, Gainford, Durham, England; died on 31 Mar 1204 in Chinon Castle, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Lady Ida de Tosny, Countess of Norfolk. Ida (daughter of Sir Ralph de Tosny, V, Knight, Earl and Margaret de Beaumont) was born in <1160 in Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England; died after 1185. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William the Lion (Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric; Modern Gaelic: Uilleam mac Eanraig), sometimes styled William I, also known by the nickname Garbh, "the Rough",[1] (c. 1143 – 4 December 1214) reigned as King of the Scots from 1165 to 1214. He had the second-longest reign in Scottish history before the Act of Union with England in 1707. James VI (reigned 1567–1625) would have the longest.

Life

He became king following his brother Malcolm IV's death on 9 December 1165 and was crowned on 24 December 1165.

In contrast to his deeply religious, frail brother, William was powerfully built, redheaded, and headstrong. He was an effective monarch whose reign was marred by his ill-fated attempts to regain control of Northumbria from the Normans.

Traditionally, William is credited with founding Arbroath Abbey, the site of the later Declaration of Arbroath.

He was not known as "The Lion" during his own lifetime, and the title did not relate to his tenacious character or his military prowess. It was attached to him because of his flag or standard, a red lion rampant with a forked tail (queue fourchâee) on a yellow background. This (with the substitution of a 'double tressure fleury counter-fleury' border instead of an orle) went on to become the Royal standard of Scotland, still used today but quartered with those of England and of Ireland. It became attached to him because the chronicler John of Fordun called him the "Lion of Justice".

William was grandson of David I of Scotland. He also inherited the title of Earl of Northumbria in 1152 from his father, Henry of Scotland. However he had to give up this title to King Henry II of England in 1157. This caused trouble after William became king, since he spent a lot of effort trying to regain Northumbria.

William was a key player in the Revolt of 1173–1174 against Henry II. In 1174, at the Battle of Alnwick, during a raid in support of the revolt, William recklessly charged the English troops himself, shouting, "Now we shall see which of us are good knights!" He was unhorsed and captured by Henry's troops led by Ranulf de Glanvill and taken in chains to Newcastle, then Northampton, and then transferred to Falaise in Normandy. Henry then sent an army to Scotland and occupied it. As ransom and to regain his kingdom, William had to acknowledge Henry as his feudal superior and agree to pay for the cost of the English army's occupation of Scotland by taxing the Scots. The church of Scotland was also subjected to that of England. This he did by signing the Treaty of Falaise. He was then allowed to return to Scotland. In 1175 he swore fealty to Henry II at York Castle.

The humiliation of the Treaty of Falaise triggered a revolt in Galloway which lasted until 1186, and prompted construction of a castle at Dumfries. In 1179, meanwhile, William and his brother David personally led a force northwards into Easter Ross, establishing two further castles, and aiming to discourage the Norse Earls of Orkney from expanding beyond Caithness.

A further rising in 1181 involved Donald Meic Uilleim, descendant of King Duncan II. Donald briefly took over Ross; not until his death (1187) was William able to reclaim Donald's stronghold of Inverness. Further royal expeditions were required in 1197 and 1202 to fully neutralise the Orcadian threat.

The Treaty of Falaise remained in force for the next fifteen years. Then the English king Richard the Lionheart, needing money to take part in the Third Crusade, agreed to terminate it in return for 10,000 silver marks, on 5 December 1189.

William attempted to purchase Northumbria from Richard in 1194, as he had a strong claim over it. However, his offer of 15,000 marks was rejected due to wanting the castles within the lands, which Richard was not willing to give.[2]

Despite the Scots regaining their independence, Anglo-Scottish relations remained tense during the first decade of the 13th century. In August 1209 King John decided to flex the English muscles by marching a large army to Norham (near Berwick), in order to exploit the flagging leadership of the ageing Scottish monarch. As well as promising a large sum of money, the ailing William agreed to his elder daughters marrying English nobles and, when the treaty was renewed in 1212, John apparently gained the hand of William's only surviving legitimate son, and heir, Alexander, for his eldest daughter, Joan.

Despite continued dependence on English goodwill, William's reign showed much achievement. He threw himself into government with energy and diligently followed the lines laid down by his grandfather, David I. Anglo-French settlements and feudalization were extended, new burghs founded, criminal law clarified, the responsibilities of justices and sheriffs widened, and trade grew. Arbroath Abbey was founded (1178), and the bishopric of Argyll established (c.1192) in the same year as papal confirmation of the Scottish church by Pope Celestine III.

According to legend, "William is recorded in 1206 as curing a case of scrofula by his touching and blessing a child with the ailment whilst at York.[3] William died in Stirling in 1214 and lies buried in Arbroath Abbey. His son, Alexander II, succeeded him as king, reigning from 1214 to 1249.

Marriage and issue

Due to the terms of the Treaty of Falaise, Henry II had the right to choose William's bride. As a result, William married Ermengarde de Beaumont, a great-granddaughter of King Henry I of England, at Woodstock Palace in 1186. Edinburgh Castle was her dowry. The marriage was not very successful, and it was many years before she bore him an heir. William and Ermengarde's children were:

Margaret (1193–1259), married Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent.
Isabel (1195–1253), married Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk and Robert "of Fur Fan" De Ros, Sir Knight and had issue.
Alexander II of Scotland (1198–1249).
Marjorie (1200 – 17 November 1244),[4] married Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke.
Out of wedlock, William I had numerous children, their descendants being among those who would lay claim to the Scottish crown.

By an unnamed daughter of Adam de Hythus:

Margaret, married Eustace de Vesci, Lord of Alnwick.[5]

By Isabel d'Avenel:

Robert de London[6]
Henry de Galightly, father of Patrick Galightly one of the competitors to the crown in 1291[7]
Ada Fitzwilliam (c.1146-1200), married Patrick I, Earl of Dunbar (1152–1232)[7]
Aufrica, married William de Say, and whose grandson Roger de Mandeville was one of the competitors to the crown in 1291[7]
Isabella Mac William married Robert III de Brus then Robert de Ros (died 1227), Magna Carta Suretor[8]

Buried:
Arbroath Abbey, in the Scottish town of Arbroath, was founded in 1178 by King William the Lion for a group of Tironensian Benedictine monks from Kelso Abbey. It was consecrated in 1197 with a dedication to the deceased Saint Thomas Becket, whom the king had met at the English court. It was William's only personal foundation — he was buried before the high altar of the church in 1214.[1]

The last Abbot was Cardinal David Beaton, who in 1522 succeeded his uncle James to become Archbishop of St Andrews. The Abbey is cared for by Historic Scotland and is open to the public throughout the year (entrance charge). The distinctive red sandstone ruins stand at the top of the High Street in Arbroath.

Image & History ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbroath_Abbey

William married Ermengarde de Beaumont on 5 Sep 1186 in Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire, England. Ermengarde (daughter of Sir Richard (Beaumont), I, Viscount of Beaumont-le-Vicomte and Lucie l'Aigle) was born in ~ 1170; died on 12 Feb 1233 in Scotland; was buried in Balmerino Abbey, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Isabel d'Avenel. Isabel (daughter of Sir Robert Avenel, Lord of Eskdale and Sibyl LNU) was born in ~1143; died in 1234 in Castle Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Humphrey de Bohun, III, Lord of Trowbridge in 1171-1175. Humphrey (son of Humphrey de Bohun, II and Margaret of Hereford) was born before 1144; died in 0Dec 1181; was buried in Llanthony Secunda, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

David of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: Dabâid) (1152 – 17 June 1219) was a Scottish prince and 8th Earl of Huntingdon. He was, until 1198, heir to the Scottish throne.

Life

He was the youngest surviving son of Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon and Ada de Warenne, a daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey, and Elizabeth of Vermandois. His paternal grandfather was David I of Scotland. Huntingdon was granted to him after his elder brother William I of Scotland ascended the throne. David's son John succeeded him to the earldom.

In 1190 his brother gave him 'superiority' over Dundee and its port. The same year he endowed Lindores Abbey in Fife and a church dedicated to St Mary in Dundee.[1]

In the litigation for succession to the crown of Scotland in 1290–1292, the great-great-grandson Floris V, Count of Holland of David's sister, Ada, claimed that David had renounced his hereditary rights to the throne of Scotland. He therefore declared that his claim to the throne had priority over David's descendants. However, no explanation or firm evidence for the supposed renunciation could be provided.

Marriage and issue

On 26 August 1190 David married Matilda of Chester (1171 – 6 January 1233), daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester. He was almost thirty years Matilda's senior. The marriage was recorded by Benedict of Peterborough.[2]

David and Matilda had seven children:

Margaret of Huntingdon (c. 1194 – c. 1228), married Alan, Lord of Galloway, by whom she had two daughters, including Dervorguilla of Galloway.
Robert of Huntingdon (died young)
Ada of Huntingdon, married Sir Henry de Hastings, by whom she had one son, Henry de Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings.
Matilda (Maud) of Huntingdon (-aft.1219, unmarried)
Isobel of Huntingdon (1199–1251), married firstly, Henry De Percy and had issue and secondly, Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale, by whom she had two sons, including Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale.
John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon (1207 – 6 June 1237), married Elen ferch Llywelyn. He succeeded his uncle Ranulf as Earl of Chester in 1232, but died childless.
Henry of Huntingdon (died young)[3][4]

Earl David also had three illegitimate children:[5]

Henry of Stirling
Henry of Brechin
Ada, married Malise, son of Ferchar, Earl of Strathearn

After the extinction of the senior line of the Scottish royal house in 1290, when the legitimate line of William the Lion of Scotland ended, David's descendants were the prime candidates for the throne. The two most notable claimants to the throne, Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale (grandfather of King Robert I of Scotland) and John of Scotland were his descendants through David's daughters Isobel and Margaret, respectively.

end of this biography

David married Lady Matilda of Chester, Countess of Huntingdon on 26 Aug 1190. Matilda (daughter of Sir Hugh de Kevelioc, Knight, 5th Earl of Chester and Lady Bertrade de Montfort, Comtess d'Evreux) was born in 1171; died on 6 Jan 1233 in (Scotland). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Military: Crusader

Notes:

Richard I (8 September 1157 - 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy (as Richard IV), Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was known as Richard Coeur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior.[1] He was also known in Occitan as Oc e No (Yes and No), because of his reputation for terseness.[2]

By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father.[1] Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he did not retake Jerusalem from Saladin.[3]

Richard spoke langue d'oèil, a French dialect, and Occitan, a Romance language spoken in southern France and nearby regions.[4]

Born in England, where he spent his childhood, he lived for most of his adult life before becoming king in his Duchy of Aquitaine in the southwest of France. Following his accession he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England, preferring to use his kingdom as a source of revenue to support his armies.[5] Nevertheless, he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects.[6] He remains one of the few kings of England remembered by his epithet, rather than regnal number, and is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.[7]

end of biography

Died:
"Castle where Richard the Lionheart died goes on sale for under ?1m" ...

The French chateau where Richard the Lionheart died after being hit by a bolt from a crossbow has quietly been put on the market with a small ad offering this remarkable piece of Anglo-French history for well under a million pounds.

The castle of Chãalus-Chabrol, about 110 miles northeast of Bordeaux, has been for sale on France's most popular classified ads website Le Bon Coin since December 30th at the price of ?996,400, or ¹884,000.

The title of the ad states merely that a ?15-room, 600 square metre castle? is available. The historic import of the chateau is only revealed by the text below the photos showing run-down buildings that are ?in need of restoration.?

Contributed by Martha Ann Millsaps, Friday, January 12th, 2018 ...

Picture, story & source can be found at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/12/castle-richard-lionheart-died-goes-sale-1m/

Buried:
Click on this link to view images of Fontevraud Abbey ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontevraud_Abbey

Notes:

Eleanor of England (Spanish: Leonor; 13 October 1162[1] – 31 October 1214[2]), or Eleanor Plantaganet,[3] was Queen of Castile and Toledo[4] as wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile.[5][6] She was the sixth child and second daughter of Henry II, King of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.[7][8]

Early life and family

Eleanor was born in the castle at Domfront, Normandy on 13 October 1162,[9] as the second daughter of Henry II, King of England and his wife Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine,[3] and was baptised by Henry of Marcy. Her half-siblings were Marie and Alix of France, and her full siblings were Henry the Young, Duchess Matilda, King Richard, Duke Geoffrey, Queen Joan and King John.

Queenship

In 1174, when she was 12 years old, Eleanor married King Alfonso VIII of Castile in Burgos.[10][11] The couple had been betrothed in 1170, but due to the bride's youth as well as the uproar in Europe regarding her father's suspected involvement in the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket, the wedding was delayed. Her parents' purpose in arranging the marriage was to secure Aquitaine’s Pyrenean border, while Alfonso was seeking an ally in his struggles with his uncle, Sancho VI of Navarre. In 1177, this led to Henry overseeing arbitration of the border dispute.[12]

Around the year 1200, Alfonso began to claim that the duchy of Gascony was part of Eleanor's dowry, but there is no documented foundation for that claim. It is highly unlikely that Henry II would have parted with so significant a portion of his domains. At most, Gascony may have been pledged as security for the full payment of his daughter’s dowry. Her husband went so far on this claim as to invade Gascony in her name in 1205. In 1206, her brother John, King of England granted her safe passage to visit him, perhaps to try opening peace negotiations. In 1208, Alfonso yielded on the claim.[13] Decades later, their great-grandson Alfonso X of Castile would claim the duchy on the grounds that her dowry had never been fully paid.

Of all Eleanor of Aquitaine’s daughters, her namesake was the only one who was enabled, by political circumstances, to wield the kind of influence her mother had exercised.[14] In her own marriage treaty, and in the first marriage treaty for her daughter Berengaria, Eleanor was given direct control of many lands, towns, and castles throughout the kingdom.[15] She was almost as powerful as Alfonso, who specified in his will in 1204 that she was to rule alongside their son in the event of his death, including taking responsibility for paying his debts and executing his will.[16] It was she who persuaded him to marry their daughter Berengaria to Alfonso IX of Leâon. Troubadours and sages were regularly present in Alfonso VIII’s court due to Eleanor’s patronage.[17]

Eleanor took particular interest in supporting religious institutions. In 1179, she took responsibility to support and maintain a shrine to St. Thomas Becket in the cathedral of Toledo. She also created and supported the Abbey of Santa Marâia la Real de Las Huelgas, which served as a refuge and tomb for her family for generations, and its affiliated hospital.[18]

When Alfonso died, Eleanor was reportedly so devastated with grief that she was unable to preside over the burial. Their eldest daughter Berengaria instead performed these honours. Eleanor then took sick and died only twenty-eight days after her husband, and was buried at Abbey of Santa Marâia la Real de Las Huelgas.[19]

Children

Name Birth Death Notes
Berengaria Burgos,
1 January/
June 1180 Las Huelgas near Burgos,
8 November 1246 Married firstly in Seligenstadt on 23 April 1188 with Duke Conrad II of Swabia, but the union (only by contract and never solemnized) was later annulled. Married in Valladolid between 1/16 December 1197 with King Alfonso IX of Leâon as his second wife.[20] After their marriage was dissolved on grounds of consanguinity in 1204, she returned to her homeland and became regent of her minor brother King Henry I. Queen of Castile in her own right after the death of Henry I in 1217, quickly abdicated in favour of her son Ferdinand III of Castile who would re-unite the kingdoms of Castile and Leâon.
Sancho Burgos,
5 April 1181 26 July 1181 Robert of Torigny records the birth "circa Pascha" in 1181 of "filium Sancius" to "Alienor filia regis Anglorum uxor Anfulsi regis de Castella".[21] “Aldefonsus...Rex Castellµ et Toleti...cum uxore mea Alienor Regina et cum filio meo Rege Sancio” donated property to the bishop of Segovia by charter dated 31 May 1181.[22] “Adefonsus...Rex Castellµ et Toleti...cum uxore mea Alienor Regina et cum filio meo Rege Sancio” donated property to the monastery of Rocamador by charter dated 13 Julu 1181.[23]
Sancha 20/28 March 1182 3 February 1184/
16 October 1185 King Alfonso VIII "cum uxore mea Alionor regina et cum filiabus meis Berengaria et Sancia Infantissis" exchanged property with the Templars by charter dated 26 January 1183.[24]
Henry before July 1182 before January 1184 The dating clause of a charter dated July 1182 records “regnante el Rey D. Alfonso...con su mugier Doäna Lionor, con su fijo D. Anric”.[25] The dating of the document in which his sister Sancha is named suggests that they may have been twins.
Ferdinand before January 1184 Died young, ca. 1184? The dating clause of a charter dated January 1184 (“V Kal Feb Era 1222”) records “regnante rege Alfonso cum uxore sua regina Eleonor et filio suo Fernando”.[26]
Urraca 1186/
28 May 1187 Coimbra,
3 November 1220 Married in 1206 to Infante dom Afonso of Portugal, who succeeded his father as King Afonso II on 26 March 1212.
Blanche Palencia,
4 March 1188 Paris,
27 November 1252 Married on 23 May 1200 to Prince Louis of France, who succeeded his father as King Louis VIII on 14 July 1223. Crowned Queen at Saint-Denis with her husband on 6 August 1223. Regent of the Kingdom of France during 1226-1234 (minority of her son) and during 1248-1252 (absence of her son on Crusade).
Ferdinand Cuenca,
29 September 1189 Madrid,
14 October 1211 Heir of the throne since his birth. On whose behalf Diego of Acebo and the future Saint Dominic travelled to Denmark in 1203 to secure a bride.[27] Ferdinand was returning through the San Vicente mountains from a campaign against the Muslims when he contracted a fever and died.[28]
Mafalda Plasencia,
1191 Salamanca,
1211 Szabolcs de Vajay says that she “died at the point of becoming the fiancâee of the Infante Fernando of Leâon” (without citing the primary source on which this information is based) and refers to her burial at Salamanca Cathedral.[29] Betrothed in 1204 to Infante Ferdinand of Leon, eldest son of Alfonso IX and stepson of her oldest sister.
Eleanor 1200[30] Las Huelgas,
1244 Married on 6 February 1221 with King James I of Aragon. They became separated on April 1229 on grounds of consanguinity.
Constance c. 1202[30] Las Huelgas,
1243 A nun at the Cistercian monastery of Santa Marâia la Real at Las Huelgas in 1217, she became known as the Lady of Las Huelgas, a title shared with later royal family members who joined the community.[30]
Henry Valladolid,
14 April 1204 Palencia,
6 June 1217 Only surviving son, he succeeded his father in 1214 aged ten under the regency firstly of his mother and later his oldest sister. He was killed when he was struck by a tile falling from a roof.
Later Depictions[edit]
Eleanor was praised for her beauty and regal nature by the poet Ramâon Vidal de Besalâu after her death.[31] Her great-grandson Alfonso X referred to her as "noble and much loved".[32]

Eleanor was played by Ida Norden in the silent film The Jewess of Toledo.[33]

Ancestors

[show]Ancestors of Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Historians are divided in their use of the terms "Plantagenet" and "Angevin" in regards to Henry II and his sons. Some class Henry II to be the first Plantagenet King of England; others refer to Henry, Richard and John as the Angevin dynasty, and consider Henry III to be the first Plantagenet ruler.

Buried:
at the Abbey of Santa Marâia la Real de Las Huelgas...

Eleanor married Alfonso VIII, King of Castile in 1174 in Burgos, Spain. Alfonso (son of Sancho III, King of Castile and Blanche of Navarre, Queen of Castile) was born on 11 Nov 1155 in Soria, Spain; died on 5 Oct 1214 in Avila, Spain; was buried in Burgos, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

John (24 December 1166 - 19 October 1216), also known as John Lackland (Norman French: Johan sanz Terre),[1] was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death in 1216.

Following the battle of Bouvines, John lost the duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, which resulted in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributed to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century.

The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of the Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.

more on King John ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England

More images of King John ...

https://www.google.com/search?q=john+lackland+coat+of+arms&rlz=1C1KMZB_enUS591US591&espv=2&biw=1440&bih=810&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiNnKWp6aPPAhULXB4KHb1qCnQQsAQIKw&dpr=1#imgrc=F8SAOkDV1jsAEM%3A

end of comment

Baronial Order of Magna Charta:

The Baronial Order of Magna Charta ("BOMC") is a scholarly, charitable, and lineage society founded in 1898. The BOMC was originally named the Baronial Order of Runnemede, but the name was subsequently changed to better reflect the organization's purposes relating to the Magna Charta and the promulgation of "freedom of man under the rule of law." view its membership list: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baronial_Order_of_Magna_Charta

These 25 barons were Sureties for the concessions made by John, King of England, d. 18 Oct 1216.

1. William d'Albini, Lord of Belvoir Castle, d. 1236.
((26th, 27th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Vernia Swindell "Ma" Byars; http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=&secondpersonID=I704&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=0&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I37347

2. Roger Bigod, (43132) Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, d. 1220.
(26th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Perry Green "Pop" Byars: http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=&secondpersonID=I3&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I43132

3. Hugh Bigod, (43271) heir to the earldoms of Norfolk and Suffolk, d. 1225.
(25th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Perry Green "Pop" Byars: http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=I3&secondpersonID=&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I43271

4. Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, (46127) d. 1220.
(26th, 27th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Vernia Swindell "Ma" Byars; http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=&secondpersonID=I704&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=0&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I37347

5. Richard de Clare, Earl of Hertford, (46129) d. 1217.
(25th, 26th & 27th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Vernia Swindell "Ma" Byars: http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=I3&secondpersonID=&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I46129

6. Gilbert de Clare, heir to the earldom of Hertford, (45550) d. 1230.
(24th, 26th & 27th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Vernia Swindell "Ma" Byars; http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=&secondpersonID=I704&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=0&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I37347
25th & 27th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Perry Green "Pop" Byars; http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=I3&secondpersonID=&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I46162


John FitzRobert, Lord of Warkworth Castle, Northumberland, d. 1240.

7. Robert FitzWalter, Lord of Dunmow Castle, Essex, d. 1234.
28th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Perry Green "Pop" Byars http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=I3&secondpersonID=&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I46162


William de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle, d. 1241, no great-grandchildren.
William Hardell, Mayor of the City of London, d. after 1216, no known issue.
William de Huntingfield, Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, d. 1220.
John de Lacie, Lord of Pontefract Castle, d. 1240.
William de Lanvallei, Lord of Standway Castle, Essex, d. 1217.
William Malet, Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset, d. about 1217.
Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex and Gloucester, d. 1216, d.s.p..

William Marshall jr, heir to the earldom of Pembroke, d. 1231, (43947) d.s.p..
A cousin to the grandchildren of Vernia Swindell "Ma" Byars & Perry Green "Pop" Byars: http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=I3&secondpersonID=&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I43947

Roger de Montbegon, Lord of Hornby Castle, Lancashire, d. 1226, d.s.p..
Richard de Montfichet, Baron, d. after 1258, d.s.p..

8.. William de Mowbray, Lord of Axholme Castle, Lincolnshire, (46138) d. 1223
(24th & 26th great grandfather to the grandchildren of Vernia Swindell "Ma" Byars: http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=&secondpersonID=I3&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I46138

Richard de Percy, Baron, Yorkshire, d. 1244, d.s.p..

9.Saire de Quincey, Earl of Winchester, (46162) d. 1219.
(25th & 27th great grandfather to the grandchildren of Vernia Swindell "Ma" Byars; http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=&secondpersonID=I704&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=0&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I37347
27th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Perry Green "Pop" Byars: http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=I3&secondpersonID=&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I46162

10. Robert de Roos, Lord of Hamlake Castle, Yorkshire, (46148)d. 1226.
(25th, 26th & 27th great grandfather to the grandchildren of Vernia Swindell "Ma" Byars: http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=&secondpersonID=I3&maxrels=12&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I46148

Geoffrey de Saye, Baron, d. 1230.

11. Robert de Vere, heir to the earldom of Oxford, d. 1221.
(25th, 27th great grandfather to the grandchildren of Vernia Swindell "Ma" Byars; http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=&secondpersonID=I704&maxrels=6&disallowspouses=0&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I37347
27th great grandfather of the grandchildren of Perry Green "Pop" Byars; http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=&secondpersonID=I3&maxrels=12&disallowspouses=1&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I46155

Eustace de Vesci, Lord of Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, d. 1216 d.s.p..

end of report

Birth:
Beaumont Palace, built outside the north gate of Oxford, was intended by Henry I about 1130 to serve as a royal palace conveniently close to the royal hunting-lodge at Woodstock (now part of the park of Blenheim Palace). Its former presence is recorded in Beaumont Street, Oxford. Set into a pillar on the north side of the street, near Walton Street, is a stone with the inscription: "Near to this site stood the King's Houses later known as Beaumont Palace. King Richard I was born here in 1157 and King John in 1167". The "King's House" was the range of the palace that contained the king's lodgings.

Henry passed Easter 1133 in the nova aula, his "new hall" at Beaumont in great pomp, celebrating the birth of his grandson, the future Henry II.[1] Edward I was the last king to sojourn in Beaumont officially as a palace, and in 1275 he granted it to an Italian lawyer, Francesco Accorsi, who had undertaken diplomatic missions for him.[2] When Edward II was put to flight at the battle of Bannockburn in 1314, he is said to have invoked the Virgin Mary and vowed to found a monastery for the Carmelites (the White Friars) if he might escape safely. In fulfilment of his vow he remanded Beaumont Palace to the Carmelites in 1318.

In 1318, the Palace was the scene for the beginnings of the John Deydras affair, in which a royal pretender, arguing that he was the rightful king of England, claimed the Palace for his own. John Deydras was ultimately executed for sedition.[3]


When the White Friars were disbanded at the Reformation, most of the structure was dismantled and the building stone reused in Christ Church and St John's College.[4] An engraving of 1785[5] shows the remains of Beaumont Palace, the last of which were destroyed in the laying out of Beaumont Street in 1829.[6]

Drawings, Sketches & Source ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaumont_Palace

Died:
Newark Castle, in Newark, in the English county of Nottinghamshire was founded in the mid 12th century by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln. Originally a timber castle, it was rebuilt in stone towards the end of the century. Dismantled in the 17th century after the English Civil War, the castle was restored in the 19th century, first by Anthony Salvin in the 1840s and then by the corporation of Newark who bought the site in 1889. The Gilstrap Heritage Centre is a free-admission museum in the castle grounds about the history of the town of Newark.

Images & Source ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark_Castle,_Nottinghamshire

Buried:
Worcester Cathedral, before the English Reformation known as Worcester Priory, is an Anglican cathedral in Worcester, England; situated on a bank overlooking the River Severn. It is the seat of the Bishop of Worcester. Its official name is The Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Mary the Virgin of Worcester. Built between 1084 and 1504, Worcester Cathedral represents every style of English architecture from Norman to Perpendicular Gothic.

It is famous for its Norman crypt and unique chapter house, its unusual Transitional Gothic bays, its fine woodwork and its "exquisite" central tower,[1] which is of particularly fine proportions.

Images, History & Source ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester_Cathedral

John married Isabelle of Angouleme, Queen of England on 26 Aug 1200 in Cathedral of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. Isabelle was born in 1188 in Angouleme, France; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevrault L'abbe, Maine-Ete-Loire, France; was buried on 31 May 1246 in Fontevrault L'abbe, Maine-Ete-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Adela de Warenne. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Clemence Butler in 1188 in England. Clemence (daughter of Philip Butler and Sybil de Braose) was born in 1175; died in 1231. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

William Longespâee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. 1176 – 7 March 1226) ("Long Sword", Latinised to de Longa Spatha) was an English noble, primarily remembered for his command of the English forces at the Battle of Damme and for remaining loyal to his half-brother, King John. His nickname "Longespâee" is generally taken as a reference to his great size and the outsize weapons he wielded.

Early life

He was an illegitimate son of Henry II, King of England. His mother was unknown for many years until the discovery of a charter William made that mentions "Comitissa Ida, mater mea" (Countess Ida, my mother).[1][2] This referred to Ida de Tosny, a member of the prominent Tosny (or Toesny) family, who had married Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk[3] in 1181.

Prior to the discovery of the charter mentioning Countes Ida, speculation and folklore gave Rosamond Clifford, another misress of Henry II, as William's mother. URL https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/family-tree-fountaine-fontaine-fountain-lafontaine/P2800.php

King Henry acknowledged William as his son and gave him the honour of Appleby, Lincolnshire, in 1188. Eight years later, his half brother King Richard I married him to a great heiress, Ela of Salisbury, 3rd Countess of Salisbury.

During the reign of King John, Salisbury was at court on several important ceremonial occasions and held various offices: sheriff of Wiltshire; lieutenant of Gascony; constable of Dover; and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports; and later warden of the Welsh Marches. He was appointed sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire about 1213.

Military career

He was a commander in the king's Welsh and Irish expeditions of 1210–1212 and was appointed Viceroy of Ireland, jointly with John de Gray, Bishop of Norwich, when the king left for England in 1210.[4] The king also granted him the honour of Eye in Suffolk.

In 1213, Salisbury led a large fleet to Flanders, where he seized or destroyed a good part of a French invasion fleet anchored at or near Damme. This ended the invasion threat but not the conflicts between England and France. In 1214, Salisbury was sent to help Otto IV of Germany, an English ally, who was invading France. Salisbury commanded the right wing of the army at their disastrous defeat in that year at the Battle of Bouvines, where he was captured.

By the time he returned to England, revolt was brewing amongst the barons. Salisbury was one of the few who remained loyal to John. In the civil war that took place the year after the signing of the Magna Carta, Salisbury was one of the leaders of the king's army in the south. He was made High Sheriff of Wiltshire again, this time for life. After raising the siege of Lincoln with William Marshall he was also appointed High Sheriff of Lincolnshire (in addition to his current post as High Sheriff of Somerset) and governor of Lincoln castle. However, after the French prince Louis (later Louis VIII) landed as an ally of the rebels, Salisbury went over to his side. Presumably, he thought John's cause was lost.


Tomb of William Longespâee in Salisbury Cathedral
After John's death and the departure of Louis, Salisbury, along with many other barons, joined the cause of John's young son, now Henry III of England. He held an influential place in the government during the king's minority and fought in Gascony to help secure the remaining part of the English continental possessions. He was appointed High Sheriff of Devon in 1217 and High Sheriff of Staffordshire and Shropshire in 1224. Salisbury's ship was nearly lost in a storm while returning to England in 1225, and he spent some months in refuge at a monastery on the French island of Râe.

Death

He died not long after his return to England at Salisbury Castle. Roger of Wendover alleged that he was poisoned by Hubert de Burgh. He was buried at Salisbury Cathedral in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.

William Longespâee's tomb was opened in 1791. Bizarrely, the well-preserved corpse of a rat which carried traces of arsenic, was found inside his skull.[5] The rat is now on display in a case at the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum.[5]

Likeness

A terracotta statue of Longespâee, dating from 1756, is located in the Great Hall of Lacock Abbey in Lacock, Wiltshire, England. A likeness of his wife Ela is also on display, while several other statues are believed to show their children.

Family

By his wife Ela, Countess of Salisbury, he had four sons and six daughters:[6]

William II Longespâee (1212?–1250), who was sometimes called Earl of Salisbury but never legally bore the title because he died before his mother, Countess Ela, who held the earldom until her death in 1261.

Richard, a canon of Salisbury.

Stephen (d. 1260), who was seneschal of Gascony and married Emeline de Ridelsford, widow of Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster. Their two daughters were Eleanor Longspee, who married Sir Roger La Zouche and Emeline Longspee, who married Sir Maurice FitzMaurice, Justiciar of Ireland.

Nicholas (d. 1297), bishop of Salisbury.

Isabella Longespâee, who married Sir William de Vesci.

Ela Longespâee, who first married Thomas de Beaumont, 6th Earl of Warwick, and then married Philip Basset. No issue.[7]

Ida Longespâee, married firstly Ralph who was son of Ralph de Somery, Baron of Dudley, and Margaret, daughter of John Marshal;[7] she married secondly William de Beauchamp, Baron of Bedford, by whom she had six children, including Maud de Beauchamp, wife of Roger de Mowbray.[8]

Ida II de Longespâee (she is alternatively listed as William and Ela's granddaughter: see notes below), married Sir Walter FitzRobert, son of Robert Fitzwalter, by whom she had issue including Ela FitzWalter, wife of William de Odyngsells. Ela's and Williams's grandsons include William de Clinton and John de Grey.[7]

Mary Longespâee, married. No issue.[7]

Pernel Longespâee.

*

William Longespâee was the illegitimate son of the first Plantagenet king, Henry II and Ida de Tosny, a member of the Tosny (or Toesny) family. The epithet "Longespâee" ,or Longsword is a reference to his great size and the huge weapons he wielded.

Ida de Tosny was a royal ward who became the mistress of King Henry II. The first evidence of contemporary information about Ida came to light in 1979 with the publication in the of two charters found in the Bradenstoke Priory Cartulary where he mentions "Comitissa Ida, mater mea" (Countess Ida, my mother), until then, it was assumed that Rosamund Clifford, a previous and more famous mistress of King Henry II's, was William's mother. Four years after William's birth, in 1181, Ida de Tosny was married to Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk, by whom she had a number of children.

King Henry II readily acknowledged William as his son and in 1188 granted him the honour of Appleby in Lincolnshire. Following the death of his father in 1189, his half brother King Richard I 'the Lionheart' succeeded to the throne, William began his successful military career by fighting alongside his half brother in Normandy.

King Richard arranged for the marriage of his half brother to the young heiress, Ela FitzPatrick, who was Countess of Salisbury in her own right, the daughter of William FitzPatrick, 2nd Earl of Salisbury and Elâeonore de Vitrâe.

Richard died of a crossbow wound at Chalus, near Limoges in 1199 to be succeeded by his younger brother, King John, William held various offices during John's reign, sheriff of Wiltshire; lieutenant of Gascony; constable of Dover; and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports; and later warden of the Welsh Marches. He was appointed sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire about 1213.

William LongswordWilliam took part in John's Welsh and Irish expeditions of 1210-1212. In 1213, Salisbury led a large fleet to Flanders, where he seized or destroyed a good part of a French invasion fleet anchored at or near Damme, then the port of Bruges, thus temporarily ending the French invasion threat.

In 1214, Salisbury was dispatched to aid John's nephew and ally, Otto IV of Germany, in his invasion of France. Salisbury commanded the right wing of Otto's army at their disastrous and decisive defeat in that year at the Battle of Bouvines, where he was taken prisoner by the French.

William returned to England to find the barons in revolt against John, he was one of the few who remained loyal to his unpopular half brother. In the civil war that broke out the year after the signing of the Magna Carta, William served as one of the leaders of the king's army in the south. Along with William Marshall he raised the siege of Lincoln, but after Prince Louis of France, son and heir of the John's arch enemy French King Philip II 'Augustus' landed in England in alliance with the rebels, Salisbury, assuming John's cause now lost, deserted him and went over to the rebels.

William LongswordWhile retreating before this incursion, King John died of dysentry at Newark on the wild stormy night of 18th October, 1216, leaving England in a state of anarchy and civil war. His nine year old son Henry was crowned King Henry III of England at the Abbey Church of Gloucester with a circlet belonging to his mother Isabella of Angouleme, since his father had previously lost the royal treasure in the Wash.

After the defeat of Louis, Salisbury joined the cause of John's young son Henry. By 1218, the English and French signed the Treaty of Lambeth, which agreed that the French prince Louis would surrender his claims to the English throne.

William held an influential place in the government during the young king's minority and fought in Gascony to help secure the remaining remnant of the once great Angevin Empire in France. He fell sick after campaigning in Gascony in 1226. Salisbury's ship was nearly lost in a storm while returning to England, and he spent some months in refuge at a monastery on the French island of Râe.

William Longespâee died on 7 March 1226 at Salisbury Castle soon after his return to England. Roger of Wendover alleged that he had been poisoned by Hubert de Burgh. He was buried at Salisbury Cathedral of which he had been a benefactor. His eldest son William succeeded to the title Earl of Salisbury, His widow, Ela, Countess of Salisbury lived on until 1261 and was buried in Lacock Abbey.

The tomb of William Longespâee was opened in 1791, inside his skull was found the remains of a rat which carried traces of arsenic. The rat is now on display at the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum.

*

More history and images for Sir William ... http://bit.ly/1FlUhIj

More history and images for Salisbury Cathedral ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral

*

Died:
Roger of Wendover alleged that he had been poisoned by Hubert de Burgh.

Buried:
The cathedral has the tallest church spire in the United Kingdom (123m/404 ft).

The tomb of William Longespâee was opened in 1791, inside his skull was found the remains of a rat which carried traces of arsenic. The rat is now on display at the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum.

More history and images for Salisbury Cathedral ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral

William married Lady Ela FitzPatrick, 3rd Countess of Salisbury in 1196 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. Ela (daughter of Sir William of Salisbury, Knight, 2nd Earl of Salisbury and Lady Eleonore de Vitre, Countess of Salisbury) was born in 0___ 1187 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Marie de Coucy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Isabella mac William (ca. 1165 - ) (Gaelic:Isibâeal nic Uilliam) was the illegitimate daughter of William the Lion King of Scots by a daughter of Robert Avenel. She married Robert III de Brus in 1183. They had no children. After his death in 1191, Isabella was married to Robert de Ros, Baron Ros of Wark, (died 1227). They had the following children:

Sir William de Ros (b. before 1200 – d. ca. 1264/1265), father of Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros.[1] and Sir William de Roos of Helmsley, Yorkshire (whose daughter, Ivette de Roos, married Sir Geoffrey le Scrope, K.B. of Masham, Yorkshire.[2]
Sir Robert de Ros[2] (ca. 1223 – 13 May 1285), was Chief Justice of the Kings Bench. He married Christian Bertram; from which Elizabeth Ros (d.1395), wife of Sir William Parr of Kendal (1350 – ca. 1404) descended. The two were ancestors of Queen consort Catherine Parr.
Sir Alexander de Ros (d. ca. 1306), who fathered one child, William, with an unknown wife.[2]
Peter de Ros.[2]

References

Jump up ^ Douglas Richardson, Kimball G. Everingham. Magna Carta ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families, Genealogical Publishing Company, 2005. pg 699. Google eBook
^ Jump up to: a b c d Douglas Richardson, , Kimball G. Everingham, (2011). Magna Carta ancestry : a study in colonial and medieval families, Volume II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City, UT.: Douglas Richardson. p. 198. ISBN 9781449966386.

Birth:
Isabella was the illegitimate daughter of William the Lion, King of Scots by the daughter of Richard Avenel...

Isabella married Sir Robert de Ros, Knight in 0___ 1191 in Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland. Robert was born in 1170-1172 in (Yorkshire) England; died in 0___ 1227; was buried in Temple Church, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: William de Saye. William was born in ~ 1133 in Kimbolton, Hampshire, England; died on 1 Aug 1177 in Kimbolton, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (1176 – 1 June 1220) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman.

He was Earl of Hereford and Hereditary Constable of England from 1199 to 1220.

Lineage

He was the son of Humphrey III de Bohun and Margaret of Huntingdon, daughter of Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon, a son of David I of Scotland. His paternal grandmother was Margaret of Hereford, eldest daughter of Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford and Constable of England. Bohun's half-sister was Constance, Duchess of Brittany; his sister by Humphrey III de Bohun and Margaret of Huntingdon was Matilda.

Earldom

The male line of Miles of Gloucester having failed, on the accession of King John of England, Bohun was created Earl of Hereford and Constable of England (1199). The lands of the family lay chiefly on the Welsh Marches, and from this date the Bohuns took a foremost place among the Marcher barons.[1]

Henry de Bohun figured with the earls of Clare and Gloucester among the twenty-five barons who were elected by their fellows to enforce the terms of the Magna Carta in 1215, and was subsequently excommunicated by the Pope.

Marriage and Children

He married Maud de Mandeville (or Maud FitzGeoffrey), daughter of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex. Their children were:

Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, married Maud de Lusignan, by whom he had at least three children.
Henry de Bohun, who died young.
Ralph de Bohun.

Later career

In the civil war that followed the Magna Carta, he was also a supporter of King Louis VIII of France and was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1217.[1] He died while on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.[3]

Preceded by Humphrey III de Bohun Lord High Constable 1199–1220 Succeeded by Humphrey V de Bohun Preceded by New Creation Earl of Hereford 1199–1220 Succeeded by Humphrey V de Bohun

References

Cokayne, G. (ed. by V. Gibbs). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. London:1887-1896, H-457-459
^ Jump up to: a b Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Davis, Henry (1911). "Bohun". In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopµdia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 137.
Jump up ^ Cawley, Charles; Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Medieval Lands Project; ENGLAND, EARLS CREATED 1067-1122 v3.1; HEREFORD, EARLS of HEREFORD 1200-1373 (BOHUN) (Chap 2D); Humphrey III de Bohun
Jump up ^ BOMC: Profiles of Magna Charta Sureties and Other Supporters

Died:
en route to the Holy Land...

Family/Spouse: Maud FitzGeoffrey. Maud (daughter of Sir Geoffrey FitzPiers, Knight, Earl of Essex and Beatrice de Saye) was born in 1176-1177 in Walden, Essex, England; died on 27 Aug 1236. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Margaret of Huntingdon (died before 1228) was the eldest daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon (died 1219) and his wife, Maud (died 1233), sister of Ranulf III, Earl of Chester (died 1232),[1] and daughter of Hugh II, Earl of Chester (died 1181).[2]

Margaret was the second wife of Alan, Lord of Galloway (died 1234).[3] She and Alan married in 1209,[4] and had a family of a son and two daughters.

The elder daughter, Christiana, married William de Forz (died 1260).[5]

The younger daughter, Dervorguilla (died 1290), married John de Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle (died 1268).[6] Margaret and Alan's son, Thomas—Alan's only legitimate son—may have lived into the 1220s, but died young.

Margaret married Sir Alan of Galloway, Lord of Galloway, Constable of Scotland in 1209. Alan (son of Sir Roland of Galloway, Lord of Galloway and Helen de Morville) was born in 1186 in Galloway, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland; died in ~ 2 Feb 1234 in Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland; was buried in Dundrennan Abbey, Dundrennan, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabella married Sir Robert de Brus, 4th Lord of Annandale in ~1219. Robert (son of Sir William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale and Beatrice de Teyden) was born in ~1195 in (Annan, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland); died in 1226; was buried in Sawtrey Abbey, Cambridgeshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Lady Elen ferch Llywelyn in ~1222. Elen (daughter of Llywelyn The Great and Joan Plantagenet, Lady of Wales) was born in 1212-1218 in (Wales); died in 0___ 1253. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ada "Ada of Huntingdon" de Hastings formerly Huntingdon
Born about 1200 in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England
ANCESTORS ancestors
Daughter of David (Huntingdon) of Scotland and Mabel (Chester) of Huntingdon
Sister of Henry Dunkeld, Helen Dunkeld, Unknown (Huntingdon) Fleming [half], Ada (Huntingdon) Strathearn [half], Robert (Dunkeld) Huntingdon, Henry de Brechin [half], Henry (Huntingdon) de Huntingdon [half], David (Huntingdon) de Huntingdon, Margaret (Huntingdon) of Galloway, Isabelle (Huntingdon) de Bruce, Unknown (Huntington) of Scotland and John (Huntingdon) de Huntingdon
Wife of Henry (Hastings) de Hastings — married after 1224 [location unknown]
DESCENDANTS descendants
Mother of Ada (Hastings) de Brereton, Margaret Hastings, Henry (Hastings) de Hastings and Hilary (Hastings) de Harcourt
Died about 1242 in Cheshire, England

Profile managers: Katherine Patterson Find Relationship private message [send private message], Darlene Athey-Hill Find Relationship private message [send private message], British Royals and Aristocrats WikiTree private message [send private message], and Diann George private message [send private message]
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British Aristocracy
Ada (Huntingdon) de Hastings was a member of aristocracy in the British Isles.
Join: British Royals and Aristocrats Project
Discuss: EUROARISTO
== Ada was only married once ==

Please note that many sources and websites claim that Ada was married to Ralph de Brereton and/or William de Handsacre.

Ada of Huntingdon had but one husband, Sir Henry de Hastings. She did not marry (2nd) Sir Ralph de Brereton or William de Handsacre. The possibility exists that Sir Ralph de Brereton may have been married to her daughter, Ada de Hastings, widow of Sir Hubert Hovel. It is also possible that Sir Ralph de Brereton's widow married William de Handsacre. (See 'sources' below for link to posting by Douglas Richardson to SGM on this topic. Mr. Richardson also stated the existence of only one marriage for Ada in the latest edition of his book, "Magna Carta Ancestry".)

The following is from a 2008 posting by Douglas Richardson to SGM:

"Ada was certainly living in 1237, when she was co-heiress to her brother, John of Scotland, Earl of Chester and Huntingdon. She was likewise living in June 1241, when Stephen de Meverel sued William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby, and Agnes his wife regarding the advowson of Gatton, Staffordshire; William and Agnes appeared by attorney, and stated that the advowson formed part of the inheritance of Agnes, which fell to her by the death of Ranulph, Earl of Chester, and that they could not answer without their co-parceners, , viz., Hugh de Aubeney, Earl of Arundel, Hawise de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln, Henry de Hastings and Ada his wife, Isabel de Brus, John de Balliol and Dervorgoil his wife, and William de Forz, and Christian his wife [see Colls. Hist. Staffs. 4 (1883): 90-102]. Ada was last known to be living 4 August 1241, but died before Trinity term 1242 (date of lawsuit) [see Curia Regis Rolls, 18 (1999): 21, 104–105, 193–194, 314, 335, 339; 19 (2002): 26, 48, 416].

"That Ada predeceased her husband, Sir Henry de Hastings, is further proven by the Pipe Rolls of 1247, which record that Henry de Hastings was then holding the manors of Condover and Worfield, Shropshire, “by reason of the heirs of Ada his wife whom he has by the said Ada” (that is, he was holding Ada's lands by courtesy of England) [see Eyton, Antiqs. of Shropshire 3 (1856): 108].

Children
Sir Henry and Ada had four known children, namely one son, Henry, Knt., and three daughters, Ada (wife of Hubert Hovel, Knt.), Margery, and Hillary (wife of William de Harcourt, Knt.).

Sources
Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. III p. 249-252
Magna Carta Ancestry 2011 2nd ed. Vol. III p. 321-324
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3 Dec 2008 posting to SGM of Douglas Richardson re: Ada of Huntingdon derkeiler.
Pedigree in Visitation of Cornwall, Vivian ed., 1887, p.105
Geni .
Fabpedigree.
The Phillips, Weber, Kirk, & Staggs families of the Pacific Northwest.
Celtic Royal Genealogy.
Geneastar.

end of this biography

Ada married Henry de Hastings after 1224. Henry was born in (England). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Berengaria (Castilian: Berenguela; 1179 or 1180 – 8 November 1246) was queen regnant of Castile[1] in 1217 and queen consort of Leâon from 1197 to 1204. As the eldest child and heir presumptive of Alfonso VIII of Castile, she was a sought after bride, and was engaged to Conrad, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. After his death, she married her cousin, Alfonso IX of Leâon, to secure the peace between him and her father. She had five children with him before their marriage was voided by Pope Innocent III.

When her father died, she served as regent for her younger brother Henry I in Castile until she succeeded him on his untimely death. Within months, she turned Castile over to her son, Ferdinand III, concerned that as a woman she would not be able to lead Castile's forces. However, she remained one of his closest advisors, guiding policy, negotiating, and ruling on his behalf for the rest of her life. She was responsible for the re-unification of Castile and Leâon under her son's authority, and supported his efforts in the Reconquista. She was a patron of religious institutions and supported the writing of a history of the two countries.

Early family life

Berengaria was born either in 1179[2][3] or 1180,[3][4] in Burgos.[3] She was the eldest daughter of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of England. Those who cared for the young infanta were generously rewarded.[5] Her nurse, Estefanâia, received land from Alfonso and Eleanor on her retirement in May 1181.[5] Another nurse, Elvira, received a similar retirement gift in 1189 at Berengaria's request.[5]

As the eldest child of king Alfonso and Eleanor, she was the heiress presumptive of the throne of Castile for several years,[6] because many of her siblings who were born after her died shortly after birth or in early infancy, so Berengaria became a greatly desired partner throughout Europe.[6]

Berengaria's first engagement was agreed in 1187 when her hand was sought by Conrad, Duke of Rothenburg and fifth child of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa.[7] The next year, the marriage contract was signed in Seligenstadt, including a dowry of 42000 Maravedâi.[7] Conrad then marched to Castile, where in Carriâon the engagement was celebrated and Conrad was knighted.[8] Berengaria's status as heir of Castile when she inherited the throne was based in part on documentation in the treaty and marriage contract,[9][10] which specified that she would inherit the kingdom after her father or any childless brothers who may come along.[9] Conrad would only be allowed to co-rule as her spouse, and Castile would not become part of the Empire.[7] The treaty also documented traditional rights and obligations between the future sovereign and the nobility.[11]

The marriage was not consummated, due to Berengaria's young age, as she was less than 10 years old.[12] Conrad and Berengaria never saw each other again.[13] By 1191, Berengaria requested an annulment of the engagement from the Pope, influenced, no doubt, by third parties such as her grandmother Eleanor of Aquitaine, who was not interested in having a Hohenstaufen as a neighbor to her French fiefdoms.[13] Those fears were neutralized when the duke was assassinated in 1196.[13]

Marriage to Alfonso IX

In order to help secure peace between Castile and Leâon, Berengaria married Alfonso IX of Leâon, her first cousin once removed, in Valladolid in 1197.[14] As part of the marriage, and in accordance with Spanish customs of the time, she received direct control over a number of castles and lands within Leâon.[14] Most of these were along the border with Castile, and the nobles who ran them in her name were allowed to seek justice from either king in the event of being wronged by the other.[14] In turn, these knights were charged with maintaining the peace along the border in the queen's name.[15]

Berengaria and Alfonso IX had five children:

Eleanor (1198/1199 – 1202).
Constance (1200 – 1242), a nun in the Abbey of las Huelgas.
Ferdinand III (1201 – 1252), King of Castile and Leâon.
Alfonso (1203 – 1272), Lord of Molina and Mesa by his first marriage. He married, first, Mafalda de Lara, heiress of Molina and Mesa, second, Teresa Nâuänez, and third, Mayor Tâellez de Meneses, Lady of Montealegre and Tiedra, by whom he was the father of Marâia of Molina, wife of King Sancho IV of Leâon and Castile.
Berengaria (1204 – 1237), married John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem.
Starting in 1198, Pope Innocent III objected to the marriage on the grounds of consanguinity, though the couple stayed together until 1204.[16] They vehemently sought a dispensation in order to stay together, including offering large sums of money.[17] However, the pope denied their request, although they succeeded in having their children considered legitimate.[18] Her marriage dissolved, Berengaria returned to Castile and to her parents in May 1204, where she dedicated herself to the care of her children.[18]

Between queenships

Stained glass window in the Alcâazar of Segovia depicting Berengaria and her father
Though she had left her role as queen of Leâon, she retained authority over and taxing rights in many of the lands she had received there, including Salamanca and Castroverde,[19] which she gave to her son Ferdinand in 1206.[20] Some of the nobles who had served her as queen followed her back to the court in Castille.[21] The peace which had prevailed since her marriage was lost, and there was war again between Leâon and Castille, in part over her control of these lands.[22] In 1205, 1207, and 1209, treaties were made again between the two countries, each expanding her control.[23] In the treaties of 1207 and 1209, Berengaria and her son were given again significant properties along the border, including many key castles, including Villalpando.[24] The treaty in 1207 is the first existing public document in the Castilian dialect.[25]

In 1214, on the death of her father, Alfonso VIII of Castile, the crown passed to his only surviving son, Berengaria's 10-year-old brother, Henry I.[26] Their mother Eleanor assumed the regency, but died 24 days after her husband.[26] Berengaria, now heir presumptive again, replaced her as regent.[26] At this point internal strife began, instigated by the nobility, primarily the House of Lara.[27] They forced Berengaria to cede regency and guardianship of her brother to Count Álvaro Nâuänez de Lara.[27]

In 1216, an extraordinary parliamentary session was held in Valladolid, attended by such Castilian magnates as Lope Dâiaz II de Haro, Gonzalo Rodrâiguez Girâon, Álvaro Dâiaz de Cameros, Alfonso Tâellez de Meneses and others, who agreed, with the support of Berengaria, to make common cause against Álvaro Nâuänez de Lara.[28] At the end of May the situation in Castile had grown perilous for Berengaria, so she decided to take refuge in the castle of Autillo de Campos, which was held by Gonzalo Rodrâiguez Girâon (one of her allies) and sent her son Ferdinand to the court of his father.[28] On 15 August 1216, an assembly of all the magnates of Castile was held to attempt to reach an accord that would prevent civil war, but disagreements led the families of Girâon, Tâellez de Meneses, and Haro to break definitively with Álvaro de Lara.[28]

Queen of Castile

Circumstances changed suddenly when Henry died on 6 June 1217 after receiving a head wound from a tile which came loose while he was playing with other children at the palace of the Bishop of Palencia.[29] His guardian, Count Álvaro Nâuänez de Lara, tried to hide the fact, taking the king's body to the castle of Tariego, although it was inevitable that the news would reach Berengaria.[30]

The new sovereign was well aware of the danger her former husband posed to her reign; being her brother's closest agnate, it was feared that he would claim the crown for himself.[29] Therefore, she kept her brother's death and her own accession secret from Alfonso.[29] She wrote to Alfonso asking that Ferdinand be sent to visit her, and then abdicated in their son's favor on 31 August.[29] In part, she abdicated as she would be unable to be the military leader Castile needed its king to be in that time.[31]

Royal advisor

Although she did not reign for long, Berengaria continued to be her son's closest advisor, intervening in state policy, albeit in an indirect manner.[32] Well into her son's reign, contemporary authors wrote that she still wielded authority over him.[32] One example was how she arranged the marriage of her son with princess Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen (known as Beatriz in Castile), daughter of Duke Philip of Swabia and granddaughter of two emperors: Frederick Barbarossa and Isaac II Angelos of Byzantium.[33] The wedding took place on 30 November 1219 at Burgos.[33] Another instance in which Berengaria's mediation stood out developed in 1218 when the scheming Lara family, still headed by former regent Álvaro Nâuänez de Lara, conspired to have Alfonso IX, King of Leâon and King Ferdinand's father, invade Castile to seize his son's throne.[33] However, the capture of Count Lara facilitated the intervention of Berengaria, who got father and son to sign the Pact of Toro on 26 August 1218, putting an end to confrontations between Castile and Leâon.[33]

In 1222, Berengaria intervened anew in favor of her son, achieving the ratification of the Convention of Zafra, thereby making peace with the Laras by arranging the marriage of Mafalda, daughter and heiress of the Lord of Molina, Gonzalo Pâerez de Lara, to her own son and King Ferdinand's brother, Alfonso.[34] In 1224 she arranged the marriage of her daughter Berengaria to John of Brienne, a maneuver which brought Ferdinand III closer to the throne of Leâon, since John was the candidate Alfonso IX had in mind to marry his eldest daughter Sancha.[35] By proceeding more quickly, Berengaria prevented the daughters of her former husband from marrying a man who could claim the throne of Leâon.[35]

Perhaps her most decisive intervention on Ferdinand's behalf took place in 1230, when Alfonso IX died and designated as heirs to the throne his daughters Sancha and Dulce from his first marriage to Theresa of Portugal, superseding the rights of Ferdinand III.[36] Berengaria met with the princesses’ mother and succeeded in the ratification of the Treaty of las Tercerâias, by which they renounced the throne in favor of their half-brother in exchange for a substantial sum of money and other benefits.[36][37] Thus were the thrones of Leâon and Castile re-united in the person of Ferdinand III,[36] which had been divided by Alfonso VII in 1157.[9] She intervened again by arranging the second marriage of Ferdinand after the death of Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen.[38] Although he already had plenty of children, Berengaria was concerned that the king's virtue not be diminished with illicit relations.[38] This time, she chose a French noblewoman, Joan of Dammartin, a candidate put forth by the king's aunt and Berengaria's sister Blanche, widow of King Louis VIII of France.[38] Berengaria served again as regent, ruling while her son Ferdinand was in the south on his long campaigns of the Reconquista.[39] She governed Castile and Leâon with her characteristic skill, relieving him of the need to divide his attention during this time.[39]

Patronage and legacy

Berengaria's tomb in Las Huelgas
She met with her son a final time in Pozuelo de Calatrava in 1245, afterwards returning to Toledo.[40] She died 8 November 1246,[41] and was buried at Las Huelgas near Burgos.[42]

Much like her mother, she was a strong patron of religious institutions.[43] She worked with her mother to support the Abbey of Santa Marâia la Real de Las Huelgas.[43] As queen of Leâon, she supported the Order of Santiago and supported the Basilica of San Isidoro, not only donating to it, but also exempting it from any taxes.[43] She re-established the tradition of Leâonese royal women supporting the Monastery of San Pedro de Eslonza, last performed by her great-grand aunt, Sancha Raimâundez.[43]

She is portrayed as a wise and virtuous woman by the chroniclers of the time.[44][45][46] She was also concerned with literature and history, charging Lucas de Tuy to compose a chronicle on the Kings of Castile and Leâon to aid and instruct future rulers of the joint kingdom.[44] She herself was discussed in the works of Rodrigo Jimâenez de Rada, whose work was sponsored by her son Ferdinand, and Juan of Osma,[45] who was chancellor of Castile under Ferdinand.[46]

Family/Spouse: Alfonso IX, King of Leon and Galacia. Alfonso was born on 15 Aug 1171 in Zamora, Spain; died on 24 Sep 1230 in Villanueva de Sarria, Spain; was buried in Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Blanche of Castile (Spanish: Blanca; 4 March 1188 – 27 November 1252) was Queen of France by marriage to Louis VIII. She acted as regent twice during the reign of her son, Louis IX: during his minority from 1226 until 1234, and during his absence from 1248 until 1252. She was born in Palencia, Spain, 1188, the third daughter of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, and Eleanor of England.

Early life
In her youth, she visited the Abbey of Santa Marâia la Real de Las Huelgas, founded by her parents,[1] several times.[2] In consequence of the Treaty of Le Goulet between Philip Augustus and John of England, Blanche's sister, Urraca, was betrothed to Philip's son, Louis. Their grandmother Eleanor of Aquitaine, after meeting the two sisters, judged that Blanche's personality was more fit for a queen consort of France. In the spring of 1200, Eleanor crossed the Pyrenees with her and brought her to France instead.[2]

Marriage
On 22 May 1200 the treaty was finally signed, John ceding along with his niece the fiefs of Issoudun and Graðcay, together with those that Andrâe de Chauvigny, lord of Chãateauroux, held in Berry, of the English crown. The marriage was celebrated the next day, at Port-Mort on the right bank of the Seine, in John's domains, as those of Philip lay under an interdict.[3] Blanche was twelve years of age, and Louis was only a year older so the marriage was consummated a few years later. Blanche bore her first child in 1205.[2]

During the English barons' rebellion of 1215-16 against King John, it was Blanche's English ancestry as granddaughter to Henry II that led to Louis being offered the throne of England as Louis I. However, with the death of John in October 1216, the barons changed their allegiance to John's son, the nine-year-old Henry.

Louis continued to claim the English crown in her right, only to find a united nation against him. Philip Augustus refused to help his son, and Blanche was his sole support. Blanche raised money from her father-in-law by threatening to put up her children as hostages.[4] She established herself at Calais and organized two fleets, one of which was commanded by Eustace the Monk, and an army under Robert I, Latin Emperor.[3] With French forces defeated at Lincoln in May 1217 and then routed on their way back to their London stronghold, Louis desperately needed the reinforcements from France. On 24 August, the English fleet destroyed the French fleet carrying those reinforcements off Sandwich and Louis was forced to sue for peace.[citation needed]

Regency
Philip died in July 1223, and Louis VIII and Blanche were crowned on August 6.[4] Upon Louis' death in November 1226 from dysentery,[5] he left Blanche, by then 38, regent and guardian of his children. Of her twelve or thirteen children, six had died, and Louis, the heir — afterwards the sainted Louis IX — was but twelve years old.[3] She had him crowned within a month of his father's death in Reims and forced reluctant barons to swear allegiance to him. The situation was critical, since Louis VIII had died without having completely subdued his southern nobles. The king's minority made the Capetian domains even more vulnerable. To gain support, she released Ferdinand, Count of Flanders, who had been in captivity since the Battle of Bouvines. She ceded land and castles to Philip I, Count of Boulogne, son of Philip II and his controversial wife, Agnes of Merania.[6]

Several key barons, led by Peter Mauclerc, refused to recognize the coronation of the young king. Shortly after the coronation, Blanche and Louis were traveling south of Paris and nearly captured. Blanche appealed to the people of Paris to protect their king. The citizens lined the roads and protected him as he returned.

Helped by Theobald IV of Champagne and the papal legate to France, Romano Bonaventura, she organized an army. Its sudden appearance brought the nobles momentarily to a halt. Twice more did Blanche have to muster an army to protect Capetian interests against rebellious nobles and Henry III of England. Blanche organized a surprise attack in the winter. In January 1229, she led her forces to attack Mauclerc and force him to recognize the king. She accompanied the army herself and helped collect wood to keep the soldiers warm.[7] Not everyone was happy with her administration. Her enemies called her “Dame Hersent” (the wolf in the Roman de Renart)[4]

In 1229, she was responsible for the Treaty of Paris,[8] in which Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, submitted to Louis. By the terms of the agreement, his daughter and heir, Joan, married Blanche's son, Alphonse, and the county could only pass to his heirs. He gave up all the lands conquered by Simon de Montfort to the crown of France. It also meant the end of the Albigensian Crusade.

To prevent Henry III of England from gaining more French lands through marriage, Blanche denied him the first two brides he sought. In 1226, he sought to marry Yolande of Brittany, Mauclerc's daughter. Blanche instead forced her father to give Yolande to Blanche's son John. When Henry became engaged to Joan, Countess of Ponthieu, Blanche lobbied the Pope to deny the marriage based on consanguinity, denying the dispensation Henry sought.

In 1230, Henry III came to invade France. At the cost of some of the crown's influence in Poitou, Blanche managed to keep the English Queen mother Isabelle, Countess of Angoulãeme and her second husband, Hugh X of Lusignan, from supporting the English side. Mauclerc did support the English and Brittany rebelled against the crown in 1230. The rebellion was put down, which added to the growing prestige of Blanche and Louis.[7] Henry's failure to make any significant impact with his invasions ultimately discouraged Mauclerc's rebellion, and by 1234 he was firm in his support of Louis.

St. Louis owed his realm to his mother and remained under her influence for the duration of her life.[9]

Queen mother
In 1233, Raymond of Toulouse was starting to chafe under the terms of the treaty of Paris, and so Blanche sent one of her knights, Giles of Flagy, to convince him to cooperate. Blanche had also heard through troubadours of the beauty, grace, and religious devotion of the daughters of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence. So she assigned her knight a second mission to visit Provence. Giles found a much better reception in Provence than in Toulouse. Upon his return to Paris, Blanche decided that a Provenðcal marriage would suit her son and help keep Toulouse in check. In 1234, Louis married Margaret of Provence, who was the eldest of the four daughters of Ramon, Count of Provence, and Beatrice of Savoy.

She did not have a good relationship with her daughter-in-law, perhaps due to the controlling relationship she had with her son. To maintain better control over the new queen, Blanche dismissed the family and servants who had come to her wedding before the couple reached Paris. Prior to the arrival of the new queen, Blanche was considered the beauty of the court, and had poems written about her beauty by the count of Champagne. In 1230, it was even rumoured that she was pregnant by Romano Bonaventura. The new queen drew the attention of the court and the king away from Blanche, so she sought to keep them apart as much as she could. Jean de Joinville tells of the time when Queen Margaret was giving birth and Blanche entered the room telling her son to leave saying "Come ye hence, ye do naught here". Queen Margaret then allegedly fainted out of distress. One contemporary biographer notes that when Queen Blanche was present in the royal household, she did not like Margaret and Louis to be together "except when he went to lie with her".[10]

In 1239, Blanche insisted on a fair hearing for the Jews, who were under threat by increasing Antisemitism in France. She presided over a formal disputation in the king's court. Louis insisted on the burning of the Talmud and other Jewish books, but Blanche promised Rabbi Yehiel of Paris, who spoke for the Jews, that he and his goods were under her protection.[11]

Second regency and death
In 1248, Blanche again became regent, during Louis IX's absence on the Crusade, a project which she had strongly opposed. In the disasters which followed she maintained peace, while draining the land of men and money to aid her son in the East. She fell ill at Melun in November 1252, and was taken to Paris, but lived only a few days.[3] She was buried at Maubuisson Abbey, which she had founded herself.[12] Louis heard of her death in the following spring and reportedly did not speak to anyone for two days afterwards.[13]

Patronage and learning
Blanche was a patron of the arts and owned a variety of books, both in French and in Latin. Some of these were meant as teaching tools for her son. Le Miroir de l'Ame was dedicated to Blanche. It instructs queens to rigorously practice Christian virtues in daily life. She oversaw the education of her children, all of whom studied Latin. She also insisted on lessons in Christian morals for all of them. Both Louis and Isabelle, her only surviving daughter, were canonized.[14]

Issue
Blanche (1205 – died soon after).[15]
Philip (9 September 1209 – before July 1218), betrothed in July 1215 to Agnes of Donzy.
Alphonse (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 26 January 1213), twin of John.
John (b. and d. Lorrez-le-Bocage, 26 January 1213), twin of Alphonse.
Louis IX (Poissy, 25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270, Tunis), King of France as successor to his father.
Robert (25 September 1216 – 9 February 1250, killed in battle, Manssurah, Egypt), Count of Artois.
Philip (20 February 1218 – 1220).[16]
John (21 July 1219 – 1232), Count of Anjou and Maine; betrothed in March 1227 to Yolande of Brittany.
Alphonse (Poissy, 11 November 1220 – 21 August 1271, Corneto), Count of Poitou and Auvergne, and by marriage, of Toulouse.
Philip Dagobert (20 February 1222 – 1232[17]).
Isabelle (March 1224[18] – 23 February 1270).
Etienne (end 1225[19] – early 1227[20]).
Charles (21 March 1226 – 7 January 1285), Count of Anjou and Maine, by marriage Count of Provence and Folcalquier, and King of Sicily.
Literature
Blanche of Castile is mentioned in Franðcois Villon's 15th century poem Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis (Ballad of Ladies of Times Past), together with other famous women of history and mythology. Blanche's selection as bride for Louis and travel to France is noted in Elizabeth Chadwick's The Autumn Throne.

Blanche and Isabella of Angoulãeme are the main characters in Jean Plaidy's novel The Battle of the Queens,[citation needed] and she is briefly mentioned in Marcel Proust's Swann's Way.[citation needed]

Blanche is a key character in the novel "Four Sisters, All Queens", by Sherry Jones.[citation needed] She is also a central antagonist in the fictional middle grade novel, 'The Inquisitor's Tale', Written by Adam Gidwitz.

The character Blanche of Castile is featured in the Shakespearean history play King John.[21]

In popular culture
An image of Blanche of Castile has been used on the home kit of French Rugby Union team Stade Franðcais since the 2008 season.[22]

During the 1950s French restaurateur Noèel Corbu claimed that Blanche of Castile had deposited a treasure in Rennes-le-Chãateau that was later discovered by Bâerenger Sauniáere during the late 19th century. This was later utilised by Pierre Plantard in his development of the Priory of Sion mythology.[23]

end of this biography

Blanche married Louis VIII of France on 21 May 1200. Louis was born on 5 Sep 1187 in Paris, France; died on 8 Nov 1226 in Chateau de Montpensier, France; was buried in Saint Denis Basilica, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

King Henry III biography... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England

Henry married Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, Princess of Castile on 14 Jan 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor was born in 1222 in Aix-En-Provence, Bouches-Du-Rhone, France; died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; was buried on 11 Sep 1291 in Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Richard (5 January 1209[1] – 2 April 1272), second son of John, King of England, was the nominal Count of Poitou (1225-1243),[2] Earl of Cornwall (from 1225) and King of the Romans (from 1257). He was one of the wealthiest men in Europe and joined the Barons' Crusade, where he achieved success as a negotiator for the release of prisoners and assisted with the building of the citadel in Ascalon.


Biography

Early life

He was born 5 January 1209 at Winchester Castle, the second son of John, King of England and Isabella of Angoulãeme. He was made High Sheriff of Berkshire at the age of only eight, was styled Count of Poitou from 1225 and in the same year, at the age of sixteen, his brother King Henry III gave him Cornwall as a birthday present, making him High Sheriff of Cornwall. Richard's revenues from Cornwall helped make him one of the wealthiest men in Europe. Though he campaigned on King Henry's behalf in Poitou and Brittany, and served as regent three times, relations were often strained between the brothers in the early years of Henry's reign. Richard rebelled against him three times, and had to be bought off with lavish gifts.

In 1225 Richard traded with Gervase de Tintagel, swapping the land of Merthen (originally part of the manor of Winnianton) for Tintagel Castle.[3] It has been suggested that a castle was built on the site by Richard in 1233 to establish a connection with the Arthurian legends that were associated by Geoffrey of Monmouth with the area. The castle was built in a more old-fashioned style for the time to make it appear more ancient. Richard hoped that, in this way, he could gain the Cornish people's trust, since they were suspicious of outsiders. The castle itself held no real strategic value.[citation needed]

The dating to the period of Richard has superseded Ralegh Radford's interpretation which attributed the earliest elements of the castle to Earl Reginald de Dunstanville and later elements to Earl Richard.[4] Sidney Toy, however, has suggested an earlier period of construction for the castle.[5]

Marriage to Isabel, 1231–40

In March 1231 he married Isabel Marshal, the wealthy widow of the Earl of Gloucester, much to the displeasure of his brother King Henry, who feared the Marshal family because they were rich, influential, and often opposed to him. Richard became stepfather to Isabel's six children from her first husband. In that same year he acquired his main residence, Wallingford Castle in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), and spent much money on developing it. He had other favoured properties at Marlow and Cippenham in Buckinghamshire. Isabel and Richard had four children, of whom only their son, Henry of Almain, survived to adulthood. Richard opposed Simon de Montfort, and rose in rebellion in 1238 to protest against the marriage of his sister, Eleanor, to Simon. Once again he was placated with rich gifts. When Isabel was on her deathbed in 1240, she asked to be buried next to her first husband at Tewkesbury, but Richard had her interred at Beaulieu Abbey instead. As a pious gesture, however, he sent her heart to Tewkesbury.

On Crusade and marriage to Sanchia, 1240–43

Left: 21st-century version of the arms of Richard of Cornwall: Argent, a lion rampant gules crowned or a bordure sable bezantâee; centre: as shown on his seal, verso; right as drawn by his contemporary Matthew Paris (d.1259)[6]
Later that year Richard departed for the Holy Land, leading the second host of crusaders to arrive during the Barons' Crusade. He fought no battles but managed to negotiate for the release of prisoners (most notably Amaury VI of Montfort) and the burials of crusaders killed at a battle in Gaza in November 1239. He also refortified Ascalon, which had been demolished by Saladin. On his return from the Holy Land, Richard visited his sister Isabella, the empress of Frederick II.

After the birth of Prince Edward in 1239, provisions were made in case of the king's death, which favoured the Queen and her Savoyard relatives and excluded Richard. To keep him from becoming discontented King Henry and Queen Eleanor brought up the idea of a marriage with Eleanor's sister Sanchia shortly after his return on 28 January 1242.[citation needed] On his journey to the Holy Land, Richard had met her in Provence, where he was warmly welcomed by her father Raymond Berenger IV and had fallen in love with this beautiful girl.[7] Richard and Sanchia (whom the English called Cynthia) married at Westminster in November 1243.

This marriage tied him closely to the royal party. Eleanor and Sanchia's youngest sister Beatrice would marry Charles I of Naples, while their oldest sister Margaret had married Louis IX of France. The marriages of the kings of France and England, and their two brothers to the four sisters from Provence improved the relationship between the two countries, which led up to the Treaty of Paris.[8]

Poitou and Sicily

Richard was appointed count of Poitou some time before August 1225.[9] However, Richard's claims to Gascony and Poitou were never more than nominal, and in 1241 King Louis IX of France invested his own brother Alphonse with Poitou. Moreover, Richard and Henry's mother, Isabella of Angoulãeme, claimed to have been insulted by the French queen. They were encouraged to recover Poitou by their stepfather, Hugh X of Lusignan, but the expedition turned into a military fiasco after Lusignan betrayed them.[10] Richard conceded Poitou around December 1243.[9]

The pope offered Richard the crown of Sicily, but according to Matthew Paris he responded to the extortionate price by saying, "You might as well say, 'I make you a present of the moon – step up to the sky and take it down.'"[11] Instead, his brother King Henry purchased the kingdom for his own son Edmund.

Elected King of Germany, 1256

Seal of Richard, Earl of Cornwall, showing him enthroned as King of the Romans. Seal inscribed: RICARDUS DEI GRATIA ROMANORUM REX SEMPER AUGUSTUS. ("Richard by the grace of God King of the Romans ever august")
Although Richard was elected in 1256 as King of Germany by four of the seven German Electoral Princes (Cologne, Mainz, the Palatinate and Bohemia), his candidacy was opposed by Alfonso X of Castile who was elected by Saxony, Brandenburg and Trier. The pope and king Louis IX of France favoured Alfonso, but both were ultimately convinced by the powerful relatives of Richard's sister-in-law, Eleanor of Provence, to support Richard. Ottokar II of Bohemia, who at first voted for Richard but later elected Alfonso, eventually agreed to support the earl of Cornwall, thus establishing the required simple majority. So Richard had to bribe only four of them, but this came at a huge cost of 28,000 marks. On 27 May 1257 the archbishop of Cologne himself crowned Richard "King of the Romans" in Aachen;[12] however, like his lordships in Gascony and Poitou, his title never held much significance, and he made only four brief visits to Germany between 1257 and 1269.

Later life, death and successors

Seal of Sanchia, Queen of the Romans, Richard's wife
He founded Burnham Abbey in Buckinghamshire in 1263, and the Grashaus, Aachen in 1266.

He joined King Henry in fighting against Simon de Montfort's rebels in the Second Barons' War (1264–67). After the shattering royalist defeat at the Battle of Lewes, Richard took refuge in a windmill, was discovered, and was imprisoned until September 1265.

In December 1271, he had a stroke. His right side was paralysed and he lost the ability to speak. On 2 April 1272, Richard died at Berkhamsted Castle in Hertfordshire. He was buried next to his second wife Sanchia of Provence and Henry of Almain, his son by his first wife, at Hailes Abbey, which he had founded.

After his death, a power struggle ensued in Germany, which only ended in 1273 with the emergence of a new Roman King, Rudolph I of Habsburg, the first scion of a long-lasting noble family to rule the empire. In Cornwall, Richard was succeeded by Edmund, son of his second wife Sanchia.

Marriages and legitimate progeny

Richard of Cornwall married three times:

He married his first wife Isabel Marshal, on 30 March 1231 at Fawley, Buckinghamshire. Her parents were William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel FitzGilbert, widow of Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester.
On 17 January 1240, Isabel died giving birth at Berkhamsted Castle. She was buried at Beaulieu Abbey.
Richard and Isabel had three sons and a daughter:[13]
John of Cornwall (31 January 1232 – 22 September 1232), born and died at Marlow, Buckinghamshire, buried at Reading Abbey.
Isabel of Cornwall (c. 9 September 1233 – 6 October 1234), born and died at Marlow, Buckinghamshire, buried at Reading Abbey.
Henry of Cornwall (2 November 1235 – 13 March 1271) Henry of Almain, murdered by his cousins Guy and Simon de Montfort, buried at Hailes Abbey.
Nicholas of Cornwall (b. & d. 17 January 1240 at Berkhamsted Castle), died shortly after birth, buried at Beaulieu Abbey with his mother.
Sanchia of Provence (c.1225 – 9 Nov 1261) became Richard's second wife. Their wedding took place at Westminster Abbey on 23 November 1243. Her parents were Raymond, Count of Provence and Beatrice of Savoy. Richard and Sancha had two sons:[14]
unnamed son (Jul 1246 - 15 Aug 1246).
Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall (c. 01 Jan 1250 – c. 25 Sep 1300), usually styled Edmund of Almain. Edmund married Margaret de Clare (1250 - shortly before Nov 1312). Margaret's parents were Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and his second wife, Maud de Lacy, daughter of John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln. Edmund and Margaret had no children. Their marriage was dissolved in February 1294.
Beatrice of Falkenburg was Richard's third wife. They married on 16 June 1269 at Kaiserslautern, but had no children.[15] Beatrice's father was Dietrich I, Count of Falkenburg. She was about sixteen years old when she married, and was said to be one of the most beautiful women of her time.[citation needed] Beatrice died 17 October 1277, and was buried before the high altar at the Church of the Grey Friars in Oxford.[15]

Mistress and illegitimate progeny

13th-century depiction of Beatrice of Falkenburg, Richard's widow, shown as queen of the Romans

Joan de Valletort

Richard had a mistress named Joan. Her origins are unknown,[16] but she was married to Ralph de Valletort (d. 1267),[17] feudal baron of Harberton, Devon[18] and feudal baron of Trematon, Cornwall; and later Sir Alexander Okeston of Modbury, Devon.[19]

With the Earl of Cornwall, Joan de Valletort had three sons, and two daughters:[20]

Philip of Cornwall, a priest.
Sir Richard of Cornwall, who received a grant from his half-brother Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall, (d. 1300) in which he was called "brother". He married Joan FitzAlan, daughter of John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel, and by her had three sons and a daughter. He was slain by an arrow at the Siege of Berwick in 1296. His daughter, Joan of Cornwall, married Sir John Howard, from whom the Howard family, Dukes of Norfolk, are descended.[21]
Sir Walter of Cornwall, who received a grant of the royal manor of Brannel,[22] Cornwall, from his half-brother Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall (d. 1300) in which he was called "brother". He was the father of William de Cornwall and grandfather of John de Cornwall who married Margery Tregago, parents of Margaret de Cornwall who married David Hendower, from whom was descended Joan Tregarthin (d. 1583), wife of John Wadham (d.1578) of Edge, Branscombe.[23] The mural monument of Joan Tregarthin (d. 1583) in Branscombe Church, Devon, has an inscription referring to her as "a virtuous & antient gentlewoman descended of the antient house of Plantagenets sometime of Cornwall" and shows the arms of Tregarthin quartering the arms of the de Cornwall family of Brannel: A lion rampant in chief a label of three points a bordure engrailed bezantâee.
Isabel of Cornwall, who received a grant from King Henry III in which she was called "niece".
Joan of Cornwall, who in 1283 received a grant from her half-brother Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall (d.1300) in which she was called "sister".[24] Modbury was part of the Valletorts' feudal barony of Harberton and was granted to Sir Alexander Okeston, following his marriage to the Earl of Cornwall's mistress, Joan, widow of Ralph de Valletort, by Roger de Valletort, Ralph's brother.[25] The younger Joan married twice, firstly to Richard de Champernowne (2nd son of Sir Henry Champernowne of Clyst Champernowne, Devon), by whom she had a son, Richard de Champernowne, and secondly, Sir Peter de Fishacre, of Combe Fishacre and Coleton Fishacre, Devon,[26] by whom she had no issue. Her childless half-brother Sir James Okeston made her son or grandson Richard de Champernowne his heir.[27]

Birth:
Click this link to view photos, commentary, map & source for Winchester Castle ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_Castle

Richard married Sanchia Berenger on 23 Nov 1243 in Westminster Abbey, 20 Deans Yd, London SW1P 3PA, United Kingdom. Sanchia was born about 1225 in Aix-en-Provence, France; died on 9 Nov 1261 in Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire, England; was buried in Hailes Abbey, Winchcombe, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire - GL54 5PB, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Joan LNU. Joan was born in ~1225 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; died in 1299. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Eleanor of Leicester (also called Eleanor Plantagenet [1] and Eleanor of England) (1215 - 13 April 1275) was the youngest child of King John of England and Isabella of Angoulãeme.

Early life

Eleanor
At the time of Eleanor's birth at Gloucester, King John's London was in the hands of French forces, John had been forced to sign the Magna Carta and Queen Isabella was in shame. Eleanor never met her father, as he died at Newark Castle when she was barely a year old. The French, led by Prince Louis the Lion, the future Louis VIII, were marching through the south. The only lands loyal to her brother, Henry III of England, were in the Midlands and southwest. The barons ruled the north, but they united with the royalists under William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, who protected the young king Henry, and Louis was defeated.

Before William the Marshal died in 1219 Eleanor was promised to his son, also named William. They were married on 23 April 1224 at New Temple Church in London. The younger William was 34 and Eleanor only nine. He died in London on 6 April 1231, days before their seventh anniversary. There were no children of this marriage.

Eleanor had brought a dowry of 10 manors and 200 pounds per year to this marriage. According to the law of the time, widows were allowed to retain one third of the estates of the marriage. However, her brother-in-law Richard took all of the estates and sold many, including her dowry, to pay William's debts. Eleanor strove for many years to try and recover her lost property.[2]

The widowed Eleanor swore a holy oath of chastity in the presence of Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury.[3]

Simon de Montfort

Seven years later, she met Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. According to Matthew Paris, Simon was attracted to Eleanor's beauty and elegance as well as her wealth and high birth. They fell in love and married secretly on 7 January 1238 at the King's chapel in Westminster Palace. Her brother King Henry later alleged that he only allowed the marriage because Simon had seduced Eleanor. The marriage was controversial because of the oath Eleanor had sworn several years before to remain chaste. Because of this, Simon made a pilgrimage to Rome seeking papal approval for their union. Simon and Eleanor had seven children:

Henry de Montfort (November 1238 – 1265)
Simon the younger de Montfort (April 1240 – 1271)
Amaury de Montfort, Canon of York (1242/1243-1300)
Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola (1244–1288)
Joanna, born and died in Bordeaux between 1248 and 1251.
Richard de Montfort (1252–1281)
Eleanor de Montfort Princess of Wales (1258–1282)
Simon de Montfort had the real power behind the throne, but when he tried to take the throne, he was defeated with his son at the Battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265. Eleanor fled to exile in France where she became a nun at Montargis Abbey, a nunnery founded by her deceased husband's sister Amicia, who remained there as abbess. There she died on 13 April 1275, and was buried there. She was well treated by Henry, retained her incomes, and her proctors were allowed to pursue her litigation concerning the Leicester inheritance in the English courts; her will and testament were executed without hindrance.[4]

Through her son Guy, Eleanor was an ancestor of Elizabeth Woodville, queen consort of Edward IV.

Eleanor's daughter, Eleanor de Montfort, was married, at Worcester in 1278, to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales. She would die giving birth to their only child, Gwenllian of Wales. After the conquest of Wales, Gwenllian was imprisoned by Edward I of England, her mother's first cousin, at Sempringham priory, where she died 1337.

Eleanor married Sir William Marshal, Knight, 2nd Earl of Pembroke on 23 Apr 1224 in London, Middlesex, England. William (son of Sir William Marshal, Templar Knight, 1st Earl Pembroke and Lady Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke) was born in 1190-1198 in Normandy; died on 6 Apr 1231 in London, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married Sir Simon de Montfort, V, Knight, 6th Earl of Leicester on 7 Jan 1238. Simon (son of Sir Simon de Montfort, IV, 5th Earl of Leicester and Alix de Montmorency) was born in ~ 1208 in Montfort-l'Amaury, France; died on 4 Aug 1265 in Evesham, Worcestershire, England; was buried in Evesham Abbey, Evesham, Worcestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Richard FitzRoy (c. 1190 – June 1246) (alias Richard de Chilham and Richard de Dover[2]) was the illegitimate son of King John of England and was feudal baron of Chilham,[2] in Kent. His mother was Adela, his father's cousin and a daughter of Hamelin de Warenne by his wife Isabel de Warenne, 4th Countess of Surrey.

He served in his father's army as a captain during the baronial revolt. In 1216 he was made constable of Wallingford Castle. The following year he took a prominent part in a naval battle off the Kent coast.

He had scutage for Poitou in 1214. By right of his wife he became Lord of Chingford, Little Wyham and Great Wenden, all in Essex, and Lesnes, Kent, and Lutton, Northamptonshire.[3] However, in 1229 their manor of Chingford Earls was temporarily in the hands of a creditor, Robert de Winchester. In 1242 they leased the advowson of Chingford to William of York, Provost of Beverley.

Before 11 May 1214, he married Rohese de Dover, daughter and heiress of Fulbert de Dover by his spouse Isabel, daughter of William Briwere. Their children were:

Richard de Dover,[4][5][6] feudal baron of Chilham, married Matilda, 6th Countess of Angus
Isabella,[4][5][6] married 1247 Sir Maurice de Berkeley of Berkeley, Gloucestershire.
Lorette (d.bef.1265),[4][5][6] married 1248 Sir William Marmion, 2nd Baron Marmion of Winteringham and of Tanfield, Yorkshire.
Richard FitzRoy's widow remarried, between 1250 and 1253, William de Wilton (killed at the Battle of Lewes), a prominent Justice. She died shortly before 11 February 1261, when there was a grant of her lands and heirs to Queen Eleanor of Provence. Rohese's heart was buried at Lesnes Abbey.[5]

Notes

References

Jump up ^ Rolls of Arms Henry III, London: Harleian Society, 1967
^ Jump up to: a b Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, p.111, note 5
Jump up ^ https://archive.org/stream/victoriahistoryo02adki#page/584/mode/2up Victoria County History of Northamptonshire: Lutton
^ Jump up to: a b c Turner 1929.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Cassidy 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Richardson 2004.

Bibliography

Cassidy, Richard (2011). "Rose of Dover (d.1261), Richard of Chilham and an Inheritance in Kent" (PDF). Archaeologia Cantiana. 131.
Given-Wilson & Curteis. The Royal Bastards of Medieval England, 1995
Oxford University Press, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
Richardson, Douglas, Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, 2004, p. 48, ISBN 0-8063-1750-7
Turner, G.J. (1929). "Notes for Richard fitz Roy". The Genealogist. XXII.

*

Richard Fitzroy, Baron of Chilham1

M, #104918, b. before 1216, d. from 1245 to 1246
Last Edited=21 Jan 2011
Consanguinity Index=3.25%

Richard Fitzroy, Baron of Chilham was born illegitimately before 1216.2 He was the son of John I 'Lackland', King of England and Adela de Warenne.3 He married Rose de Douvres, daughter of Foubert de Douvres and Isabel de Briwere.4 He died from 1245 to 1246.5

He was also known as Richard de Warenne.6 He was also known as Richard de Chilham.6 He gained the title of Baron of Chilham.4

Children of Richard Fitzroy, Baron of Chilham and Rose de Douvres

Isabel FitzRoy+7 d. 7 Jul 1276
Richard de Douvres+1 d. a 1247

Citations

[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume I, page 305. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.
[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume I, page 146.
[S105] Brain Tompsett, Royal Genealogical Data, online http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/genealogy/royal/. Hereinafter cited as Royal Genealogical Data.
[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 71. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.
[S2] Peter W. Hammond, editor, The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda (Stroud, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 1998), page 46. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV.
[S79] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry (Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2004), page 748. Hereinafter cited as Plantagenet Ancestry.
[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume II, page 127.

*

Richard FitzRoy/Firzjohn, born circa 1185/1186 in Winchester, Hampshire, England, (?? or at Chilham Castle, Kent, England) also known as Richard de Warenne, was feudal Baron of Chilham, Kent, and son of King John of England. His mother, John's cousin, was Adela, a daughter of Hamelin de Warenne and Isabel de Warenne, 4th Countess of Surrey.

He served in his father's army as a captain during the baronial revolt. In 1216 he was made constable of Wallingford Castle. The following year he took a prominent part in a naval battle off the Kent coast.

He had scutage for Poitou in 1214. By right of his wife he became Lord of Chingford, Little Wyham and Great Wenden, all in Essex, and Lesnes, Kent, and Lutton, Northamptonshire. However in 1229 their manor of Chingford Earls was temporarily in the hands of a creditor, Robert de Winchester. In 1242 they leased the advowson of Chingford to William of York, Provost of Beverley.

Before 11 May 1214, he married Rohese/Rose de Dover, daughter and heiress of Fulbert de Dover by his spouse Isabel, daughter of William Briwere.

Their children were:

Richard de Dover, feudal baron of Chilham, married Matilda, 6th Countess of Angus

Isabella, married 1247 Sir Maurice de Berkeley of Berkeley, Gloucestershire.

Lorette, married 1248 Sir William Marmion, Knight, of Tanfield, Yorkshire.

Richard FitzRoys widow remarried, between 1250 and 1253, William de Wilton (killed at the Battle of Lewes), a prominent Justice. She died shortly before 11 February 1261, when there was a grant of her lands and heirs to Queen Eleanor of Provence.

He died before 24 Jun 1246 in Chilham Castle, Badlesmere, Kent, England

References
-Given-Wilson & Curteis. The Royal Bastards of Medieval England, 1995
-Richardson, Douglas, Plantagenet Ancestry, Baltimore, 2004, p.48, ISBN 0-8063-1750-7

Family links:
Parents:
King John (1167 - 1216)
Adela De Warenne

Spouse:
Rohese de Dover

Children:
Lorette de Dover de Marmion*
Isabel FitzRoy Berkeley (1220 - 1277)*

Siblings:
Richard FitzRoy
Joan of Wales (1188 - 1237)**
Joan of Wales (1188 - 1237)**
King Henry (1207 - 1272)**
Richard of Cornwall (1209 - 1272)**
Joan Plantagenet (1210 - 1238)**
Isabelle Plantagenet (1214 - 1241)**
Eleanor Plantagenet (1215 - 1275)**

Richard married Rohese de Dover before 1215. Rohese (daughter of Fulbert de Dover and Isabel Briwere) was born in 0___ 1186 in Chilham, Kent, England; was buried in Lesnes Abbey, London DA17 5DL, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: England

Notes:

Joan, Lady of Wales and Lady of Snowdon, also known by her Welsh name of Siwan, (c. 1191 – 2 February 1237) was the wife of Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales and Gwynedd, effective ruler of most of Wales.

Early life

Joan was a natural daughter of King John of England. She should not be confused with her half-sister, Joan, Queen consort of Scotland.

Little is known about her early life. Her mother's name is known only from Joan's obituary in the Tewkesbury Annals, where she is called "Regina Clementina" (Queen Clemence); there is no evidence that her mother was in fact of royal blood. Joan may have been born in France, and probably spent part of her childhood there, as King John had her brought to the Kingdom of England from Normandy in December 1203 in preparation for her wedding to prince Llywelyn ab Iorwerth.

Thomas Pennant, in "Tours in Wales", Volume 2, published London, 1810, writes : "It is said that Llewelyn the Great had near this place [Trefriw] a palace; ... The church of Trefriw was originally built by Llewelyn, for the ease of his princess, who before was obliged to go on foot to Llanrhychwyn, a long walk among the mountains."

Marriage

Joan married Llywelyn the Great between December 1203 and October 1204. The wedding was celebrated at St Werburgh's Abbey in Chester. She and Llywelyn had at least two children together:

Elen ferch Llywelyn (Helen or Ellen) (1207–1253), married (1) John the Scot, Earl of Chester and (2) Robert II de Quincy
Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1212–1246) married Isabella de Braose, died at Abergwyngregyn.
Some of Llywelyn's other recorded children may also have been Joan's:

Gwladus Ddu (1206–1251), married (1) Reginald de Braose and (2) Ralph de Mortimer (had issue).
Susanna, who was sent to England as a hostage in 1228.
Angharad ferch Llywelyn
Margaret, who married (1) Sir John de Braose (called 'Tadody'), the grandson of William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber. She married (2) Sir Walter de Clifford and had children by both husbands.[1]
In April 1226 Joan obtained a papal decree from Pope Honorius III, declaring her legitimate on the basis that her parents had not been married to others at the time of her birth, but without giving her a claim to the English throne.[2]

Adultery with William de Braose

At Easter 1230, William de Braose, who was Llywelyn's prisoner at the time, was discovered with Joan in Llywelyn's bedchamber. William de Braose was hanged on 2 May 1230, according to local folklore at Abergwyngregyn; the place was known as 'Gwern y Grog'. A letter from Nicholas, Abbot of Vaudy, suggests that the execution took place at Crogen near Bala (crogi = to hang).[3]

Joan was placed under house arrest for twelve months after the incident. She was then, according to the Chronicle of Chester, forgiven by Llywelyn, and restored to favour. She may have given birth to a daughter early in 1231.

Joan was never called Princess of Wales, but, in Welsh, "Lady of Wales".

Death and burial

She died at the royal home at Abergwyngregyn, on the north coast of Gwynedd, in 1237. Llywelyn's great grief at her death is recorded; he founded a Franciscan friary on the seashore at Llanfaes, opposite the royal home, in her honour. The friary was consecrated in 1240, shortly before Llywelyn died. It was destroyed in 1537 by Henry VIII of England during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. A stone coffin originally identified as Joan's can be seen in St Mary's and St Nicholas's parish church, Beaumaris, Anglesey. Above the empty coffin is a slate panel inscribed: "This plain sarcophagus, (once dignified as having contained the remains of Joan, daughter of King John, and consort of Llewelyn ap Iowerth, Prince of North Wales, who died in the year 1237), having been conveyed from the Friary of Llanfaes, and alas, used for many years as a horsewatering trough, was rescued from such an indignity and placed here for preservation as well as to excite serious meditation on the transitory nature of all sublunary distinctions. By Thomas James Warren Bulkeley, Viscount Bulkeley, Oct 1808"


The slate panel at Beaumaris
In recent years, doubt has been cast on the identity of the woman depicted on the coffin lid, which is not thought to belong to the coffin on which it now rests. Experts have suggested that the costume and style of carving belong to a much later decade than the 1230s when Joan died, although the coronet suggests a member of the royal family. Eleanor de Montfort is considered the most likely alternative

Joan married Llywelyn The Great on 23 Mar 1204. Llywelyn was born in 1173 in Aberffraw Castle, Gwynedd, Anglesey, Wales; died on 11 Apr 1240 in Aberconwy Abbey, Conwy, Conwy County, North Wales; was buried in Aberconwy Abbey, Conwy, Conwy County, North Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sir William Longespâee (c. 1212 - 8 February 1250) was an English knight, the son of William Longespâee and Ela, Countess of Salisbury. His death became of significant importance to the English psyche, having died as a martyr due to the purported mistakes of the French at the Battle of Mansurah, near Al-Mansurah in Egypt.

Biography

Longespâee made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1240, and again in 1247. The second time, he proceeded to Rome and made a plea to Pope Innocent IV for support:

"Sir, you see that I am signed with the cross and am on my journey with the King of France to fight in this pilgrimage. My name is great and of note, viz., William Longespâee, but my estate is slender, for the King of England, my kinsman and liege lord, hath bereft me of the title of earl and of that estate, but this he did judiciously, and not in displeasure, and by the impulse of his will; therefore I do not blame him for it. Howbeit, I am necessitated to have recourse to your holiness for favour, desiring your assistance in this distress. We see here (quoth he) that Earl Richard (of Cornwall) who, though he is not signed with the cross, yet, through the especial grace of your holiness, he hath got very much money from those who are signed, and therefore, I, who am signed and in want, do intreat the like favour."[1]

Having succeeded in gaining the favour of the Pope, Longespâee raised a company of 200 English horse to join with King Louis on his crusade. To raise funds for his expedition, he sold a charter of liberties to the burgesses of the town of Poole in 1248 for 70 marks.[2] During the Seventh Crusade, Longespâee commanded the English forces. He became widely known for his feats of chivalry and his subsequent martyrdom. The circumstances of his death served to fuel growing English animosity toward the French; it is reported that the French Count d'Artois lured Longespâee into attacking the Mameluks before the forces of King Louis arrived in support. D'Artois, Longespâee and his men, along with 280 Knights Templar, were killed at this time.

It is said that his mother, Countess Ela, had a vision of the martyr being received into heaven by angels on the day of his death. In 1252, the Sultan delivered Longespâee's remains to a messenger who conveyed them to Acre for burial at the church of St Cross. However, his effigy is found amongst family members at Salisbury Cathedral, in England.

Marriage and issue

Longespâee married Idoine de Camville, daughter of Richard de Camville and Eustacia Basset. They had three sons and a daughter:

Edmund Longespâee, The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric´um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife.
Ela Longespâee, married James De Audley (1220–1272), of Heleigh Castle, Staffordshire, son of Henry De Audley and Bertred Mainwaring
William III Longespâee, married Maud de Clifford, granddaughter of Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales. Their daughter Margaret married Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln.[3]
Richard Longespâee, married Alice le Rus, daughter of William le Rus of Suffolk and died shortly before 27 December 1261.[4]

*

Family/Spouse: Odoine de Camville. Odoine (daughter of Richard de Camville and Eustacia Basset) was born in ~ 1210 in Brattleby, Lincolnshire, England; died in 0___ 1252. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: A Canon of Salisbury

Family/Spouse: Sir Walter FitzRobert, Knight. Walter (son of Sir Robert FitzWalter, Knight, Baron FitzWalter and Rohese LNU) was born in ~ 1204 in Woodham Walter, Essex, England; died on 10 Apr 1258. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Justiciar of Ireland

Notes:

Occupation:
Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
The Court of King's Bench (or Court of Queen's Bench during the reign of a Queen) was one of the senior courts of common law in Ireland. It was a mirror of the Court of King's Bench in England. The Lord Chief Justice was the most senior judge in the court, and the second most senior Irish judge under English rule and later when Ireland became part of the United Kingdom. Additionally, for a brief period between 1922 and 1924, the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland was the most senior judge in the Irish Free State .

Family/Spouse: Emmeline de Riddelford. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

About Ida de Longespâee of Salisbury

Ida de Longespee daughter of William de Longespee and Ela de Salisbury married Ralph de Somery and William de Beauchamp. NOT to be confused with Ida de Longespee who married Walter FitzRobert de Clare of Dunmow.

Marriage to Ralph de Somery was arranged in her childhood and may never have been consummated.

Ida married Sir William de Beauchamp, Knight, Baron of Bedford in ~ 1232. William (son of Simon Beauchamp and Isabel Wake) was born in ~ 1185 in Essex, England; died in 0___ 1260 in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Alexander married Margaret of England, Queen of Scots on 26 Dec 1251 in York Minster, York, Yorkshire, England. Margaret (daughter of Henry III, King of England and Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, Princess of Castile) was born on 29 Sep 1251 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England; died on 26 Feb 1275 in Cupar Castle, Cupar, Fife, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth: 1192
Helmsley
North Yorkshire, England
Death: 1264, England

Knight of Helmsley and Hunsingore, Yorkshire

Son and heir to Robert de Ros and Isabel of Scotland, grandson of Everard de Ros and Roese Trussebut, William the Lion, King of Scotland and a mistress Avenel. Sir Robert was born before 1200.

Husband of Lucy FitzPeter, daughter of Peter FitzHerbert of Blaen Llyfni, Breconshire, Wales and Alice FitzRobert, daughter of Robert FitzRoger of Warkworth, Northumbria. They were married before 24 Jan 1234 and had six sons and two daughters;

* Sir Robert
* Sir Peter
* Sir William
* Sir Alexander
* Herbert
* John
* Lucy
* Alice

William was excommunicated with his father by Pope Innocent III on 16th of December 1215. He was taken as prisoner at the Battle of Lincoln on 20 May 1217, released on sureties 26 Oct 1217. He took no part in the Baron's war and was apparently faithful to the king. Sir William was the benefactor of the monasteries of Kirkham, Rievaulx, Meaux and of the Templars.

Sir William died 1258 or 1264, buried at Kirkham. His widow, Lucy, was alive Michaelmas 1266.

Sir William's name is spelled both Ros and Roos.

Family links:
Parents:
Robert De Ros (1170 - 1226)
Isabella nic William de Ros (1175 - 1240)

Spouse:
Lucy FitzPiers de Ros (1207 - 1267)*

Children:
Alice de Ros (____ - 1286)*
William de Ros (____ - 1310)*
Robert de Ros (1223 - 1285)*
Lucy de Ros de Kyme (1230 - ____)*

Sibling:
William de Ros (1192 - 1264)
Robert de Ros (1195 - 1269)*

*Calculated relationship

Burial:
Kirkham Priory
Kirkham
Ryedale District
North Yorkshire, England

Maintained by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
Originally Created by: Jerry Ferren
Record added: May 25, 2011
Find A Grave Memorial# 70352904

William married Lady Lucy FitzPeter, Baroness de Ros before 24 Jan 1234 in Helmsley, Yorkshire, England. Lucy (daughter of Sir Peter FitzHerbert, Lord of Brecknock and Alice FitzRoger) was born in 1207-1210 in Forest Dean, Gloucestershire, England; died in 1267 in North Yorkshire, England; was buried in Kirkham Priory, Kirkham, North Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Beatrice Beatrix de Saye (de Say)
Also Known As: "Beatrix"
Birthdate: circa 1169
Birthplace: Kimbolton, St Neots, Huntingdonshire, England
Death: Died April 19, 1197 in Shouldham,Downham,Norfolk,England
Place of Burial: Shouldham Priory
Immediate Family:
Daughter of William de Saye, III (II) and unknown de Saye
Wife of Geoffrey FitzPiers, Earl of Essex
Mother of Geoffrey Mandeville Earl Of Essex, Earl of Gloucester; Maud fitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, Countess of Essex; William FitzGeoffrey Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex and Henry De Mandeville, Dean Of Wolverhampton
Sister of Maud de Saye
Managed by: James Fred Patin, Jr.
Last Updated: February 8, 2016

About Beatrice, Heiress of Mandeville and Essex
Her husband Geoffrey FitzPiers became Earl of Essex, and owner of Mandeville property, through her inheritance, and tis passed on to her children, which is why they carry the Mandeville name.

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm

WILLIAM de Say of Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire and Saham, Norfolk (-before 1 Aug 1177). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Willielmus de Say…et Gaufridus frater eius” as the two sons of “Beatrix de Mandavilla domina de Say, soror Galfridi primi, fundatoris, et amita Willielmi”[861]. The Chronicon Rameseiensis records the donations made by "Willelmum de Say…et mater sua Beatrix", dated to [1150/60][862]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Willelmus de Say ii m" in Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire in [1161/62][863]. m ---. The name of William´s wife is not known. William & his wife had two children:

BEATRICE de Say, daughter and co-heiress of WILLIAM de Say of Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire & his wife --- (-before 19 Apr 1197, bur Chicksand Priory). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Beatricem” as daughter of “Willielmus de Say”, son of “Beatrix de Mandavilla domina de Say, soror Galfridi primi, fundatoris, et amita Willielmi” and adds that she married “domino Galfrido filio Petri”[556]. Through her paternal grandmother, Beatrice de Mandeville, Beatrice was heir to William de Mandeville Earl of Essex. She died in childbirth, presumably giving birth either to her youngest son Henry or to her daughter Matilda.

m (before 25 Jan 1185)

GEOFFREY FitzPiers (-14 Oct 1213, bur Shouldham Priory). Having acquired part of the Mandeville inheritance from 1190, de iure uxoris, he was created Earl of Essex 27 May 1199. “Gaufridus filius Petri comes Essex” donated the chapel of St Peter, Drayton to York Cathedral by undated charter[551]. The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1194/95], records "Galfridus filius Petri" paying "iv xx xviii [=98?] l vi s viii d" in Essex, Herefordshire[552]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records that King John gave "comitatum Estsexiµ" to "Galfrido filio Petri" the day of his coronation "VI Kal Jul" 1199[553]. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1213 of “Gaufridus filius Petri comes de Essexe et justitiarius totius Angliµ”[554]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1214 of “Galfridus filius Petri, comes Essexiµ” and his burial “apud Soldham”[555].

Earl Geoffrey & his first wife had four children:

a) GEOFFREY de Mandeville (-London 23 Feb 1216, bur Trinity Prior within Aldgate). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Galfridus…Willielmus cognomina Mandavilla…et Matildis, Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiµ maritata” as children of “domino Galfrido filio Petri” & his wife[557]. He succeeded his father in 1213 as Earl of Essex. He became Earl of Gloucester on his marriage, by right of his wife. He supported the barons against King John in 1215, and was excommunicated by the Pope 16 Dec 1215 and his lands given to Savary de Mauleon 20 Dec 1215 or before. He was mortally wounded at a tournament in London[558]. m firstly MATILDA, daughter of ROBERT FitzWalter of Woodham Walter, Essex & his first wife Gunnor de Valoignes (-1212, bur Dunmow Priory). The 13th century Histoire des ducs de Normandie et des rois d´Angleterre records that "Joffrois de Mandeville" married "la fille Robiert le fil Gautier"[559]. m secondly ([16/26] Jan 1214) as her second husband, ISABEL [Avise] Countess of Gloucester, divorced wife of JOHN King of England, daughter of WILLIAM FitzRobert Earl of Gloucester & his wife Avise de Beaumont ([before 1176]-14 Oct or [18 Nov] 1217, bur Canterbury Cathedral Church). The Chronica de Fundatoribus et Fundatione of Tewkesbury Abbey records the second marriage of “Isabellam” and “Galfrido de Mandevile comiti Essexiµ”, and her third marriage to “Huberto de Burgo justiciario Angliµ”[560]. She must have been considerably older than her second husband, although his precise birth date is not known. Her lands and title were confiscated on the death of her second husband. She married thirdly ([Sep] 1217) as his second wife, Hubert de Burgh, who was created Earl of Kent in 1227. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1217 of “Isabel comitissa Gloucestriµ”[561]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Johannam comitissam Gloucestriµ” died “paucos dies” after her marriage to “Hubertus de Burgo justiciarius Angliµ” and was buried “apud Cantuarium”[562].

b) WILLIAM de Mandeville (-8 Jan 1227, bur Shouldham Priory). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Galfridus…Willielmus cognomina Mandavilla…et Matildis, Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiµ maritata” as children of “domino Galfrido filio Petri” & his wife[563]. He succeeded his brother in 1216 as Earl of Essex, although his lands were not returned to him until 4 Oct 1217[564]. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1227 of "Willelmus de Mandeville comes Essexiµ"[565]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death in 1228 of “Willielmus Mandeville comes Essex ex parte matris et filius Galfridi Petri” and his burial “apud Soldham”[566]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death in Jan 1227 of “W. de Mandeville”[567]. m (before 18 Nov 1220) as her first husband, CHRISTINE, daughter of ROBERT FitzWalter of Woodham Walter Essex & his first wife Gunnor de Valoignes (-before 17 Jun 1232, bur Shouldham Priory). Her older sister had been the first wife of her husband's older brother Geoffrey Earl of Essex. She married secondly ([9 Jan/15 May] 1227) Raymond de Burgh of Dartford, Kent. The Annals of Dunstable record that “Hubertus de Burgo…Remundus nepos eius” married “comitissam Essexiµ” in 1227[568]. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Cristiana uxore sua, comitissa Essexiµ” was buried with her (first) husband “apud Soldham”[569].

c) HENRY (-[5 Aug 1205/before 1227]). Dean of Wolverhampton 5 Aug 1205[570].

d) MATILDA (-27 Aug 1236). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey names “Galfridus…Willielmus cognomina Mandavilla…et Matildis, Humfrido de Bohun comiti Herefordiµ maritata” as children of “domino Galfrido filio Petri” & his wife[571]. She succeeded her brother, William de Mandeville Earl of Essex, in 1227 as Ctss of Essex, suo iure. Her divorce [from her second husband] by a church council convened at St Alban's, mandated by the Pope, was recorded by Matthew of Paris[572]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comitissa Herfordiµ” died in 1236[573]. m firstly HENRY de Bohun Earl of Hereford, son of HUMPHREY de Bohun, hereditary Constable of England & his wife Margaret of Huntingdon (-1 Jun 1220, bur Llanthony Priory, Gloucester). m secondly (before 1227, divorced St Alban's 1231 [before 24 Apr 1233], divorce revoked before Jul 1236[574]) ROGER de Daunteseye of Dauntsey, Wiltshire (-after Aug 1238).

BEATRICE2 DE SAY (William1), daughter of (1) William1 de SAY, was born between 1071 and 1171, and died before 1 Jan.[2] She married before 25 Jan. 1184/5, (XQ-2) GEOFFREY FITZ PIERS, EARL OF ESSEX[2] of Walden, Essex, England, United Kingdom, son of (XQ-1) Piers and (YC-4) Maud (de MANDEVILLE) LUTEGARESHALE, who was born circa 1162, and died on 14 Oct. 1213[2]. [3]

Child of: Geoffrey2 FITZ PIERS, Earl of Essex and Beatrice de SAY:

+ 3 i. MAUD3 FITZ GEOFFREY, d. on 27 Aug. 1236; m. (EU-3) HENRY DE BOHUN, EARL OF HEREFORD.

1. Frederick Lewis Weis, "Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists", 7th ed., Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1999, (97-27+).

2. Frederick Lewis Weis, "The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215", Genealogical Publishing Company, 5th ed., 1999.

3. Ibid., (160-3+).

*

*Beatrice de Saye
born about 1169 Kimbolton, Hampshire, England
died before 19 April 1197

father:

*William de Say
born about 1137 -- Kimbelton, Norfolk, England
Death:
1 AUG 1177 -

mother:

*Anfrica of Scotland
born about 1141 -- Scotland


siblings:
unknown

spouse:

*Geoffrey Fitzpiers de Mandeville Earl of Essex
born about 1162 Walden, Essex, England
christened Cherhill, Wiltshire, England
died 14 October 1213

children:

*Maud (Mathilda) Fitzgeoffrey
born <1186> Walden, Essex, England
died 27 August 1236

biographical and/or anecdotal:

notes or source:
LDS
ancestry.com

*

Family/Spouse: Sir Geoffrey FitzPiers, Knight, Earl of Essex. Geoffrey was born in 0___ 1162 in Walden, Essex, England; died on 14 Oct 1213. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Saveric FitzGeoffrey. Saveric was born in 0___ 1205 in County Kildare, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Humphrey (IV) de Bohun (1204 – 24 September 1275) was 2nd Earl of Hereford and 1st Earl of Essex, as well as Constable of England. He was the son of Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford, and Maud FitzGeoffrey).

Career

He was one of the nine godfathers of Prince Edward, later to be Edward I of England. He served as High Sheriff of Kent for 1239–1240.

In 1258, after returning from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, Humphrey fell away, like his father, from the royal to the baronial cause. He served as a nominee of the opposition on the committee of twenty-four which was appointed, in the Oxford parliament of that year, to create the Provisions of Oxford to reform the administration. It was only the alliance of Montfort with Llewelyn of North Wales that brought the earl of Hereford back to his allegiance. Humphrey V headed the first secession of the Welsh Marchers from the party of the opposition (1263), and was amongst the captives whom the Montfortians took at the Battle of Lewes.[1]

The earl's son and namesake was on the victorious side, and shared in the defeat of Evesham, which he did not long survive. Humphrey V was, therefore, naturally selected as one of the twelve arbitrators to draw up the Dictum of Kenilworth (1266), by which the disinherited rebels were allowed to make their peace. Dying in 1275, he was succeeded by his grandson Humphrey VII.[1]

Marriage and children

He married c. 1236 Maud de Lusignan (c. 1210 – 14 August 1241, buried at Llanthony, Gloucester), daughter of Raoul I of Lusignan, Comte d'Eu by marriage, and second wife Alix d'Eu, 8th Comtesse d'Eu and 4th Lady of Hastings, and had issue. Their children were:

Humphrey (V) de Bohun, who predeceased his father in 1265. The earldom therefore passed through him to his son Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford)
Henry de Bohun
Geoffrey de Bohun
Ralph de Bohun, Clerk
Maud de Bohun, married (1) Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke; (2) Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester
Alice de Bohun, married Roger V de Toeni
Eleanor de Bohun, married Sir John de Verdun, Baron of Westmeath
He married secondly, Maud de Avenbury (d. 8 October 1273), with whom he had two sons:

John de Bohun
Sir Miles de Bohun
Death & burial[edit]
He died in Warwickshire and was buried at Llanthony Secunda, Gloucester.

References

^ Jump up to: a b Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bohun". Encyclopµdia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 137.
Complete Peerage

Humphrey married Maud de Lusignan in ~ 1246. Maud was born in ~ 1210 in Eu, Normandy, France; died on 14 Aug 1241; was buried in Llanthony Secunda, Gloucester, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Dervorguilla of Galloway (c. 1210 - 28 January 1290) was a 'lady of substance' in 13th century Scotland, the wife from 1223 of John, 5th Baron de Balliol, and mother of John I, a future king of Scotland.

The name Dervorguilla or Devorgilla was a Latinization of the Gaelic Dearbhfhorghaill (alternative spellings, Derborgaill or Dearbhorghil).

Family

Dervorguilla was one of the three daughters and heiresses of the Gaelic prince Alan, Lord of Galloway. She was born to Alan's second wife Margaret of Huntingdon, who was the eldest daughter of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon and Matilda (or Maud) of Chester. David in turn was the youngest brother to two Kings of Scotland, Malcolm IV and William the Lion. Thus, through her mother, Dervorguilla was descended from the Kings of Scotland, including David I.

Dervorguilla's father died in 1234 without a legitimate son (he had an illegitimate son Thomas). According to both Anglo-Norman feudal laws and to ancient Gaelic customs, Dervorguilla was one of his heiresses, her two sisters Helen and Christina being older and therefore senior. This might be considered an unusual practice in England, but it was more common in Scotland and in Western feudal tradition. Because of this, Dervorguilla bequeathed lands in Galloway to her descendants, the Balliol and the Comyns. Dervorguilla's son John of Scotland was briefly a King of Scots too, known as Toom Tabard (Scots: 'puppet king' literally "empty coat").

Life

The Balliol family into which Devorguilla married was based at Barnard Castle in County Durham, England. Although the date of her birth is uncertain, her apparent age of 13 was by no means unusually early for betrothal and marriage at the time.

In 1263, her husband Sir John was required to make penance after a land dispute with Walter Kirkham, Bishop of Durham. Part of this took the very expensive form of founding a College for the poor at the University of Oxford. Sir John's own finances were less substantial than those of his wife, however, and long after his death it fell to Devorguilla to confirm the foundation, with the blessing of the same Bishop as well as the University hierarchy. She established a permanent endowment for the College in 1282, as well as its first formal Statutes. The college still retains the name Balliol College, where the history students' society is called the Devorguilla society and an annual seminar series featuring women in academia is called the Dervorguilla Seminar Series. While a Requiem Mass in Latin was sung at Balliol for the 700th anniversary of her death, it is believed that this was sung as a one-off, rather than having been marked in previous centuries.

Devorguilla founded a Cistercian Abbey 7 miles south of Dumfries in South West Scotland, in April 1273. It still stands as a picturesque ruin of red sandstone.

When Sir John died in 1269, his widow, Dervorguilla, had his heart embalmed and kept in a casket of ivory bound with silver. The casket travelled with her for the rest of her life. In 1274–5 John de Folkesworth arraigned an assize of novel disseisin against Devorguilla and others touching a tenement in Stibbington, Northamptonshire. In 1275–6 Robert de Ferrers arraigned an assize of mort d'ancestor against her touching a messuage in Repton, Derbyshire. In 1280 Sir John de Balliol's executors, including his widow, Devorguilla, sued Alan Fitz Count regarding a debt of ¹100 claimed by the executors from Alan. In 1280 she was granted letters of attorney to Thomas de Hunsingore and another in England, she staying in Galloway. The same year Devorguilla, Margaret de Ferrers, Countess of Derby, Ellen, widow of Alan la Zouche, and Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan, and Elizabeth his wife sued Roger de Clifford and Isabel his wife and Roger de Leybourne and Idoine his wife regarding the manors of Wyntone, King’s Meaburn, Appleby, and Brough-under-Stainmore, and a moiety of the manor of Kyrkby-Stephan, all in Westmorland. The same year Devorguilla sued John de Veer for a debt of ¹24. In 1280–1 Laurence Duket arraigned an assize of novel disseisin again Devorguilla and others touching a hedge destroyed in Cotingham, Middlesex. In 1288 she reached agreement with John, Abbot of Ramsey, regarding a fishery in Ellington.

In her last years, the main line of the royal House of Scotland was threatened by a lack of male heirs, and Devorguilla, who died just before the young heiress Margaret, the Maid of Norway, might, if she had outlived her, have been one of the claimants to her throne. Devorguilla was buried beside her husband at New Abbey, which was christened 'Sweetheart Abbey', the name which it retains to this day. The depredations suffered by the Abbey in subsequent periods have caused both graves to be lost.

Successors

Dervorguilla and John de Balliol had issue:

Sir Hugh de Balliol, who died without issue before 10 April 1271.[1]
Alan de Balliol, who died without issue.[1]
Sir Alexander de Balliol, who died without issue before 13 November 1278.[1][2]
King John of Scotland, successful competitor for the Crown in 1292.[1]
Cecily de Balliol, who married John de Burgh, Knt., of Walkern, Hertfordshire.[1]
Ada de Balliol, who married in 1266, William de Lindsay, of Lamberton.[1][3]
Margaret (died unmarried)
Eleanor de Balliol, who married John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch.[1][4]
Maud, who married Sir Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan, of Bedale, Knt., (d. 1 June 1306),[5][6][7] who succeeded the Earl of Surrey as Guardian and Keeper of Scotland for Edward I of England.
Owing to the deaths of her elder three sons, all of whom were childless, Dervorguilla's fourth and youngest surviving son John of Scotland asserted a claim to the crown in 1290 when queen Margaret died. He won in arbitration against the rival Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale in 1292, and subsequently was king of Scotland for four years (1292–96).

Aunt and niece

She should not be confused with her father's sister,[8][9][10] Dervorguilla of Galloway, heiress of Whissendine, who married Nicholas II de Stuteville. Her daughter Joan de Stuteville married 1stly Sir Hugh Wake, Lord of Bourne and 2ndly Hugh Bigod (Justiciar). Her other daughter Margaret married William de Mastac but died young.[11]

*

Dervorguilla married John de Balliol, King of Scotland in ~ 1223. John (son of Sir Hugh Balliol, Baron of Bywell and Cecily Fontaines) was born before 1208 in Bernard Castle, Gainford, Durham, England; died on 25 Oct 1268 in St Waast, Bailleul, Nord, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
2 Sources
2.1 Footnotes
2.2 Acknowledgments
Biography
Eve was born in 1215. Eve Galloway ... She passed away in 1280. [1]

Can you add any information on Eve Galloway? Please help grow her WikiTree profile. Everything you see here is a collaborative work-in-progress.

Sources
No sources. The events of Eve's life were either witnessed by Darrell Parker or Darrell plans to add sources here later.

Footnotes
? Entered by Darrell Parker, Tuesday, August 20, 2013.
Acknowledgments
Thank you to Darrell Parker for creating Galloway-728 on 20 Aug 13. Click the Changes tab for the details on contributions by Darrell and others.

end of profile

Family/Spouse: Richard Comyn, of Badenoch. Richard (son of William Comyn, Lord of Badenoch and Sarah FitzHugh) was born in 1190-1194 in (Buchan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland); died in 1244-1249 in (Buchan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Robert V de Brus (Robert de Brus), 5th Lord of Annandale (ca. 1210 – 31 March or 3 May 1295[1]), was a feudal lord, Justice and Constable of Scotland and England, a Regent of Scotland, and a competitor for the Scottish throne in 1290/92 in the Great Cause. His grandson Robert the Bruce eventually became King of Scots.

Life

Early life

Robert was son of Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale and Isobel of Huntingdon. Widely known as Robert the Noble, he was also grandson of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon and Matilda de Kevilloc of Chester, Great-grandson of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland and Ada de Warenne and Great-great grandson of King David I of Scotland and Maud, Countess of Huntingdon.

In addition to Annandale, Robert was Lord of Hartlepool (otherwise known as Hartness) in county Durham and Writtle and Hatfield Broadoak in Essex, England. His first wife brought to him the village of Ripe, in Sussex, and his second wife the Lordship of Ireby in Cumberland.[2]

His possessions were increased following the defeat of Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham (1265), via a series of grants that included the estates of the former rebel barons Walter de Fauconberg, John de Melsa and his brother Bernard. These grants were possibly compensation for the ransom his son Robert, negotiated and paid to his brother Bernard, and nephew Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, for his release following his capture, at the Battle of Lewes (1264). Henry III also re-appointed Robert a Justice, and Constable of Carlisle Castle and keeper of the Castle there in 1267, a position he had been dismissed from in 1255. Robert sought pardon from Alexander and probably joined the princes Edward and Edmund on their August 1270-74 crusade, as Robert if not Richard possibly failed to attend, or returned early, as the younger Robert is recorded as receiving a quitclaim in Writtle, Essex in October 1271[3][4]

In 1271-2, Robert obtained the hand of Marjorie of Carrick, the young widowed heiress of Niall of Carrick, 2nd Earl of Carrick for his son, also called Robert de Brus. Around this time his first wife Isabella de Clare of Gloucester and Hertford dies, the date is unknown as she's last recorded receiving a gift of deer from King Henry in Essex, in 1271, but on the 3 May 1273 Robert married Christina de Ireby, the Widow of Adam Jesmond, the Sheriff of Northumberland. The marriage added estates in Cumberland and dower land from her previous husband, to the Brus holdings. Following the marriage Robert appears to have restricted himself to the management of the family's northern possessions, leaving the southern to his sons'.[4]

Robert Bruce was Regent of Scotland some time during minority of his second cousin King Alexander III of Scotland (1241–1286) and was occasionally recognised as a Tanist of the Scottish throne. He was the closest surviving male relative to the king: Margaret of Huntingdon's issue were all females up until birth of Hugh Balliol sometime in the 1260s. When Alexander yet was childless, he was officially named as heir presumptive, but never gained the throne as Alexander managed to beget three children. The succession in the main line of the House of Dunkeld became highly precarious when towards the end of Alexander's reign, all three of his children died within a few years. The middle-aged Alexander III induced in 1284 the Estates to recognise as his heir-presumptive his granddaughter Margaret, called the "Maid of Norway", his only surviving descendant. The need for a male heir led Alexander to contract a second marriage to Yolande de Dreux on 1 November 1285. All this was eventually in vain. Alexander died suddenly, in a fall from his horse, when only 45 years old, in 1286. His death ushered in a time of political upheaval for Scotland. His three-year-old granddaughter Margaret, who lived in Norway, was recognised as his successor. However, the then 7-year old heiress Margaret died, travelling towards her kingdom, on the Orkney Islands around 26 September 1290. With her death, the main royal line came to an end and thirteen claimants asserted their rights to the Scottish Throne.

The Great Cause

After this extinction of the senior line of the Scottish royal house (the line of William I of Scotland) David of Huntingdon's descendants were the primary candidates for the throne. The two most notable claimants to the throne, John Balliol and Robert himself represented descent through David's daughters Margaret and Isobel respectively.

Robert Bruce pleaded tanistry and proximity of blood in the succession dispute. He descended from the second daughter of David of Huntingdon, whereas John Balliol descended from the eldest, and thus had the lineal right. However, Robert was a second cousin of kings of Scotland and descended in 4th generation from King David I of Scotland, whereas John Balliol was a third cousin of kings and descended in 5th generation from King David I, the most recent common ancestor who had been Scottish king. The ensuing 'Great Cause' was concluded in 1292. It gave the Crown of Scotland to his family's great rival, John Balliol. The events took place as follows:

Soon after the death of young queen Margaret, Robert Bruce raised a body of men with the help of the Earls of Mar and Atholl and marched to Perth with a considerable following and uncertain intentions. Bishop William Fraser of St. Andrews, worried of the possibility of civil war, wrote to Edward I of England, asking for his assistance in choosing a new monarch.

Edward took this chance to demand sasine of the Scottish royal estate, but agreed to pass judgment in return for recognition of his suzerainty. The guardians of Scotland denied him this, but Robert Bruce was quick to pay homage. All the claimants swore oaths of homage, and John Balliol was the last to do so. The guardians were forced to concede and were thus reinstated by Edward.

Judgment processed slowly. On 3 August 1291 Edward asked both Balliol and Bruce to choose forty auditors while he himself chose twenty-four, to decide the case. After considering all of the arguments, in early November the court decided in favour of John Balliol, having the superior claim in feudal law, not to mention greater support from the kingdom of Scotland. In accordance with this, final judgement was given by Edward on 17 November. On 30 November, John Balliol was crowned as King of Scots at Scone Abbey. On 26 December, at Newcastle upon Tyne, King John swore homage to Edward I for the kingdom of Scotland. Edward soon made it clear that he regarded the country as his vassal state. The Bruce family thus lost what they regarded as their rightful place on the Scottish throne.

Later years

Robert, 5th Lord of Annandale resigned the lordship of Annandale and his claim to the throne to his eldest son Robert de Brus. Shortly afterwards, in 1292, the younger Robert's wife Marjorie of Carrick died and the earldom of Carrick, which Robert had ruled jure uxoris, devolved upon their eldest son, also called Robert, the future King.

In 1292, Robert V de Brus held a market at Ireby, Cumberland, in right of his wife. The following year he had a market at Hartlepool, county Durham within the liberties of the Bishop of Durham.[5]

Sir Robert de Brus died at Lochmaben Castle and was buried at Gisborough Priory in Cleveland.[5]

Family and children

He married firstly on 12 May 1240 Lady Isabella de Clare (2 November 1226 – after 10 July 1264), daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford and 5th Earl of Gloucester and Lady Isabel Marshal, with issue:

Isabel de Brus (1249 – c. 1284), married (as his first wife) Sir John FitzMarmaduke, Knt., of Horden, Eighton, Lamesley, Ravensholm, and Silksworth, County Durham, Sheriff of North Durham, and Joint Warden beyond the Scottish Sea between the Firth of Forth and Orkney. He fought on the English side at the Battle of Falkirk, 22 July 1298, and was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in 1300. In 1307 he was commanded to assist the Earl of Richmond in expelling Robert de Brus and the Scottish rebels from Galloway. In 1309 his armour and provisions in a vessel bound for Perth were arrested off Great Yarmouth. He was governor of St. John's Town (Perth) in 1310 until his death. Isabel was buried at Easington, County Durham.[6]
Robert VI the Bruce, 6th Lord of Annandale, Earl of Carrick (1253–1304)
William de Brus, married Elizabeth de Sully, without issue
Sir Bernard de Bruce, of Connington, married firstly Alicia de Clare and married secondly Constance de Morleyn, and had:
Sir John Bruce, of Exton[disambiguation needed], married and had:
Jane Bruce, married Sir Nicholas Green
Richard de Brus (died ca. 26 January 1287), unmarried and without issue
He married, secondly on 3 May 1275 at Hoddam, in the Diocese of Glasgow, Christina (died ca. 1305 or 1305), daughter and heiress of Sir William de Ireby, of Ireby, Cumbria. They had no issue.

Despite claims by amateur genealogists, there is no evidence that Robert fathered other children.[7]

*

Died:
Lords of Annandale

By 1160, the Anglo-Norman de Brus (Bruce) family had become the Lords of Annandale. Robert de Brus Lord of Skelton in the Cleveland area of Yorkshire, was a notable figure at the court of King Henry I of England, where he became intimate with Prince David of Scotland, that monarch's brother-in-law. When the Prince became King David I of Scotland, in 1124, Bruce obtained from him the Lordship of Annandale, and great possessions in the south of Scotland. (de Brus was nevertheless buried at Guisborough, the place of his birth). By the 15th century the Lordship was in the hands of Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany. Following his death in 1485 it, and the castle of Lochmaben, were annexed to the Crown by Act of Parliament dated 1 October 1487.[4]

Castles & Battles

At some point in the 13th century the Bruces built a castle, probably a Keep, at Lochmaben, the remains of which now lie under a golf course. It is claimed that King Robert I of Scotland (Bruce) was born there, which is why the town adopted the motto "From us is born the liberator king" (in Latin) on its coat of arms. However, this claim is relatively late; it cannot be ruled out, but his birthplace was more likely Turnberry Castle. Bruce certainly battled the English over this area during the Wars of Scottish Independence.

Images & History ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochmaben

Buried:
Gisborough Priory is a ruined Augustinian priory in Guisborough in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1119 as the Priory of St Mary by the Norman feudal magnate Robert de Brus, also an ancestor of the Scottish king, Robert the Bruce. It became one of the richest monastic foundations in England with grants from the crown and bequests from de Brus, other nobles and gentry and local people of more modest means. Much of the Romanesque Norman priory was destroyed in a fire in 1289. It was rebuilt in the Gothic style on a grander scale over the following century. Its remains are regarded as among the finest surviving examples of early Gothic architecture in England.[1]

The priory prospered until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1540, when it was abolished along with England's other monastic communities. The priory buildings were demolished and the stone re-used in other buildings in Guisborough.

Image & History ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisborough_Priory

Robert married Lady Isabel de Clare on 12 May 1240. Isabel (daughter of Sir Gilbert de Clare, Knight, 4th Earl of Hertford and Lady Isabel Marshal, Countess Marshall) was born on 2 Nov 1226 in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England; died on 10 Jul 1264. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Henry de Hastings (c. 1235–c. 1269) was created Baron in 1264 by Simon de Montfort. He led the Londoners at the Battle of Lewes, where he was taken prisoner, and fought at the Battle of Evesham. He resisted the King, Henry III at Kenilworth, and, after the Dictum of Kenilworth he commanded the last remnants of the baronial party when they made their last stand in the Isle of Ely, submitting to King Henry in July 1267.

Henry was the only son of Sir Henry de Hastings and Ada of Huntingdon, one of four daughters of David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon and Maud of Chester. Henry married Joan de Cantilupe, daughter of William III de Cantilupe and Eva de Braose.

Although Henry was known by the title of Baron, his baronial title was not recognised by the crown; hence his son John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings is regarded and enumerated as the first baron of the line.

end of this biogrpahy

Sir Henry "1st Baron Hastings" de Hastings formerly Hastings
Born about 1235 in Ashill, Swaffham, Norfolk, England
ANCESTORS ancestors
Son of Henry (Hastings) de Hastings and Ada (Huntingdon) de Hastings
Brother of Ada (Hastings) de Brereton, Margaret Hastings and Hilary (Hastings) de Harcourt
Husband of Joan (Cantilupe) de Hastings — married about 1261 [location unknown]
DESCENDANTS descendants
Father of Lora Hastings, John (Hastings) de Hastings, Auda (Hastings) Mareduc and Edmund Hastings
Died about 4 Mar 1269 in Ashill, Norfolk, England

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Henry Hastings is a descendant of a Magna Carta surety baron.
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Henry de Hastings was a descendant of Magna Carta surety baron Roger le Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk [1]

Biography
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Vol. 25:

"Henry was under age at his father's death, and the king granted the wardship of his estates to Geoffrey de Lusignan, who, however, in the following year transferred it to William de Cantelupe. In 1260 Hastings received a summons to be at Shrewsbury in arms on 8 Sept. in order to take part in the Welsh war (Report on Dignity of a Peer, iii. 21). He was one of the young nobles who at the parliament held in May 1262 supported Simon de Montfort in his complaint of the non-observance of the provisions of Oxford (Wykes, iv. 133), and siding with the barons in the war of 1263 was one of those excommunicated by Archbishop Boniface. Hastings also joined on 13 Dec. 1263 in signing the instrument which bound the barons to abide by the award of Louis IX. In April 1264 he was in Kent with Gilbert de Clare, and took part in the siege of Rochester (Gervase, ii. 235). He marched with Earl Simon to Lewes, and was knighted by him, either on the morning before the battle on 14 May 1264 (ib. ii. 237), or at London on 4 May (according to Chr. Dover in MS. Cott. Julius, D. ii.). In the battle of Lewes Hastings commanded the Londoners, and took part in their flight from Edward. Afterwards he was made by Earl Simon constable of the castles of Scarborough and Winchester, and on 14 Dec. received the summons to parliament from which the extant barony of Hastings dates (Report on Dignity of a Peer, iii. 34).
He was one of the barons who were going to take part in the tournament at Dunstable in March 1265 (Cal. Rot. Pat. 49 Hen. III). He was taken prisoner at Evesham on 4 Aug. 1265, but afterwards obtaining his release joined Robert Ferrers earl of Derby [q. v.], at Chesterfield in the following May, and only escaped capture with him through being out hunting (Robert of Gloucester, 11849–56). He then went to Kenilworth, and, joining with John de la Ware and others, ravaged the surrounding country, and held the castle against the king from 24 June to 28 Oct.[2] Hastings was specially excepted from the ‘Dictum de Kenilworth,’ and sentenced to pay a fine of seven years' value of his estates. But being released he broke his oath not to take up arms again, and joining ‘the disinherited’ in the Isle of Ely became their leader (Wykes, iv. 203). He was, however, forced to submit to Edward in July 1267. He died next year.
Wykes, who was a royalist, speaks of his inordinate pride and violence, and calls him ‘malefactorum maleficus gubernator’ (ib. l.c.) He married Joanna de Cantelupe, daughter of his guardian [3] (she is sometimes called Eva, but cf. Cal. Gen. i. 197, and Ann. Dunst. iii. 257). By her, who survived him, he had with three daughters two sons, John, second baron [4] (1262–1313) [q. v.], and Edmund (see below). Hastings and his wife were buried in the church of the Friars Minor at Coventry (Dugdale, Antiq. Warw. i. 183). His barony, after many vicissitudes [see under Hastings, Sir Edward, (1381–1437)], was revived in 1841 in favour of Sir Jacob Astley, grandfather of the present Lord Hastings."
See Wikipedia article on Henry here.

Inquisition Post Mortem for his Suffolk and Norfolk lands is here. It lists:

Litgate manor with the advowson (extent given), held of the abbot of St. Edmund in chief by service of 1 knight.
Knights' fees held of the manor:—

Wrede, 1 fee held by Sir William de Valenc'.
Gaysle, ½ fee held by Alexander de la Cressunere; and ½ fee by Alexander de Beyvellers?
Poslingword, 1 fee held by William de Camera.
Cavenedis, 1 fee held by Sir Miles de Hastinges.
Koclyherling (?), ½ fee held by Thomas de Hackeford.
Tibeam, 1 fee held by Richard Liming' (?).
Gressing, 1 fee held by Sir Nicholas de Hasting'.
Purle, 1 fee held by Sir Hugh de Herdeberye.
Little Udeleye and Little Horningesherd, ½ fee held by Richard de Hauvile.
Sources
? Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
? "'Chron. Majorum et Vicecomitum London’, p. 89; Annales de Dunstaplia, pp. 241, 243; Hemingburgh, Vol. i, p. 327", all regarding the siege of Kenilworth.
? Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families page 324
? Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families page 324
Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. III p. 252-255
Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, (2011), Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Royal Ancestry series, 2nd edition, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2011), volume III, page 324 - 327, Henry de Hastings, #4
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 25
Geni
Jackson Ancestors
Fabpedigree
Wikipedia: Henry_de_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings
The Phillips, Weber, Kirk, & Staggs families of the Pacific Northwest
Celtic Royal Genealogy
Marlyn Lewis.
Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem and Other Analogous Documents preserved in the Public Record Office (H.M. Stationery Office, London, 1904) Vol. 1: Henry III., Page 229: #719.

end of this biography

Henry married Joan de Cantilupe in ~1261. Joan (daughter of Sir William de Cantilupe, III, Lord of Abergavenny and Eva de Braose) was born in 0___ 1240 in (Wiltshire, England); died in 0___ 1271. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Religion: Roman Catholic
• Baptism: 19 Aug 1201

Notes:

Ferdinand III, also called Saint Ferdinand, Spanish San Fernando (born 1201?- died May 30, 1252, Sevilla; canonized February 4, 1671; feast day May 30), king of Castile from 1217 to 1252 and of Leon from 1230 to 1252 and conqueror of the Muslim cities of Câordoba (1236), Jaâen (1246), and Sevilla (1248). During his campaigns, Murcia submitted to his son Alfonso (later Alfonso X), and the Muslim kingdom of Granada became his vassal.

Ferdinand was the son of Alfonso IX of Leon and Berenguela, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile. At birth, he was the heir to Leon, but his uncle, Henry I of Castile, died young, and his mother inherited the crown of Castile, which she conferred on him. His father, like many Leonese, opposed the union, and Ferdinand found himself at war with him. By his will Alfonso IX tried to disinherit his son, but the will was set aside, and Castile and Leon were permanently united in 1230.

Ferdinand married Beatrice of Swabia, daughter of the Holy Roman emperor, a title that Ferdinand’s son Alfonso X was to claim. His conquest of Lower Andalusia was the result of the disintegration of the Almohad state. The Castilians and other conquerors occupied the cities, driving out the Muslims and taking over vast estates.

Ferdinand’s second wife was Joan of Ponthieu, whom he married in 1237; their daughter Eleanor married the future Edward I of England in 1254. Ferdinand settled in Sevilla, where he is buried.

Buried:
Images & History ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seville_Cathedral

Fernando married Jeanne de Dammartin, Countess of Ponthieu in 0___ 1237. Jeanne was born in 0___ 1220 in Dammartin-en-Goele, Seine-et-Marne, France; died on 16 Mar 1279 in Abbeville, Somme, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Berenguela married John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem in 1224. John (son of Erard of Brienne, II, Count of Brienne and Agnes of Montfaucon) was born in 0___ 1170 in (Champagne) France; died on 27 Mar 1237. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis, is the only King of France to be canonized in the Catholic Church. Louis was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the death of his father Louis VIII; his mother, Blanche of Castile, ruled the kingdom as regent until he reached maturity. During Louis' childhood, Blanche dealt with the opposition of rebellious vassals and obtained a definitive victory in the Albigensian Crusade which had started 20 years earlier.

As an adult, Louis IX faced recurring conflicts with some of the most-powerful nobles, such as Hugh X of Lusignan and Peter of Dreux. Simultaneously, Henry III of England tried to restore his continental possessions, but was utterly defeated at the battle of Taillebourg. His reign saw the annexation of several provinces, notably parts of Aquitaine, Maine and Provence.

Louis IX was a reformer and developed French royal justice, in which the king was the supreme judge to whom anyone could appeal to seek the amendment of a judgment. He banned trials by ordeal, tried to prevent the private wars that were plaguing the country, and introduced the presumption of innocence in criminal procedure. To enforce the application of this new legal system, Louis IX created provosts and bailiffs.

Following a vow he made after a serious illness and confirmed after a miraculous cure, Louis IX took an active part in the Seventh and Eighth Crusades. He died from dysentery during the latter crusade, and was succeeded by his son Philip III.

Louis's actions were inspired by Christian zeal and Catholic devotion. He decided to severely punish blasphemy (for which he set the punishment to mutilation of the tongue and lips),[1] gambling, interest-bearing loans and prostitution. He spent exorbitant sums on presumed relics of Christ, for which he built the Sainte-Chapelle. He expanded the scope of the Inquisition and ordered the burning of Talmuds and other Jewish books. He is the only canonized king of France, and there are consequently many places named after him.
more ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France

Louix married Margaret of Provence in 1234. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

More on King Edward I ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England

Remember Mel Gibson's role as William Wallace in his 1995 movie, "Braveheart", about the 13th c. Scottish Rebellion? Here is the fellow he battled, brilliantly portrayed by Patrick McGoohan... Here's a clip of that movie... http://www.cinemagia.ro/trailer/braveheart-braveheart-inima-neinfricata-1054/

Edward I, called Longshanks (1239-1307), king of England (1272-1307), Lord of Gascony, of the house of Plantagenet. He was born in Westminster on June 17, 1239, the eldest son of King Henry III, and at 15 married Eleanor of Castile. In the struggles of the barons against the crown for constitutional and ecclesiastical reforms, Edward took a vacillating course. When warfare broke out between the crown and the nobility, Edward fought on the side of the king, winning the decisive battle of Evesham in 1265. Five years later he left England to join the Seventh Crusade.

Following his father's death in 1272, and while he was still abroad, Edward was recognized as king by the English barons; in 1273, on his return to England, he was crowned.

The first years of Edward's reign were a period of the consolidation of his power. He suppressed corruption in the administration of justice, restricted the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts to church affairs, and eliminated the papacy's overlordship over England. On the refusal of Llewelyn ab Gruffydd (died 1282), ruler of Wales, to submit to the English crown, Edward began the military conflict that resulted, in 1284, in the annexation of Llewelyn's principality to the English crown. In 1290 Edward expelled all Jews from England. War between England and France broke out in 1293 as a result of the efforts of France to curb Edward's power in Gascony. Edward lost Gascony in 1293 and did not again come into possession of the duchy until 1303. About the same year in which he lost Gascony, the Welsh rose in rebellion.
Greater than either of these problems was the disaffection of the people of Scotland. In agreeing to arbitrate among the claimants to the Scottish throne, Edward, in 1291, had exacted as a prior condition the recognition by all concerned of his overlordship of Scotland. The Scots later repudiated him and made an alliance with France against England. To meet the critical situations in Wales and Scotland, Edward summoned a parliament, called the Model Parliament by historians because it was a representative body and in that respect was the forerunner of all future parliaments. Assured by Parliament of support at home, Edward took the field and suppressed the Welsh insurrection. In 1296, after invading and conquering Scotland, he declared himself king of that realm. In 1298 he again invaded Scotland to suppress the revolt led by Sir William Wallace. In winning the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, Edward achieved the greatest military triumph of his career, but he failed to crush Scottish opposition.

The conquest of Scotland became the ruling passion of his life. He was, however, compelled by the nobles, clergy, and commons to desist in his attempts to raise by arbitrary taxes the funds he needed for campaigns. In 1299 Edward made peace with France and married Margaret, sister of King Philip III of France. Thus freed of war, he again undertook the conquest of Scotland in 1303. Wallace was captured and executed in 1305. No sooner had Edward established his government in Scotland, however, than a new revolt broke out and culminated in the coronation of Robert Bruce as king of Scotland. In 1307 Edward set out for the third time to subdue the Scots, but he died en route near Carlisle on July 7, 1307. He also had a daughter with Eleanor of Castile that died young.

Edward I, while on his way to war against the Scots, died on the marshes near Burgh, and his corpse lay at the village's 12th-century church until its eventual removal to Westminster Abbey.

There is an impressive monument on the marshes erected in 1685 to mark the place where he died. It is 11/4 miles NNW of the village, is signposted and can be reached on foot.

Edward I [37370] Burgh by Sands, Cumbria, England

is the 22nd great-grandfather of David Hennessee:

http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=I3&secondpersonID=&maxrels=1&disallowspouses=0&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I37370

and also of Sheila Ann Mynatt Hennessee (1945-2016):

http://thehennesseefamily.com/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=&savedpersonID=I3&secondpersonID=I27517&maxrels=1&disallowspouses=0&generations=30&tree=hennessee&primarypersonID=I37370

Died:
Edward I, while on his way to war against the Scots, died on the marshes near Burgh, and his corpse lay at the village's 12th-century church, St. Michael's, until its eventual removal to Westminster Abbey.

There is an impressive monument on the marshes erected in 1685 to mark the place where he died. It is 11/4 miles NNW of the village, is signposted and can be reached on foot.

Photos, maps & source ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgh_by_Sands

Edward married Eleanor de Castile, Queen of England on 18 Oct 1254 in Burgos, Segovia, Castile, Spain. Eleanor (daughter of Fernando III, King of Castile and Leon and Jeanne de Dammartin, Countess of Ponthieu) was born in 0___ 1241 in Burgos, Segovia, Castile, Spain; died on 28 Nov 1290 in Hardby, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried on 16 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey, 20 Deans Yd, London SW1P 3PA, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Edward married Margaret of France, Queen Consort of England on 10 Sep 1299 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Margaret (daughter of King Phillip III of France, King of France and Maria of Brabant, Queen of France) was born in ~ 1279 in Paris, France; died on 14 Feb 1318 in Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England; was buried in Christ Church Greyfriars, Newgate, London, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Edmund Crouchback (16 January 1245 – 5 June 1296), of Grosmont Castle[2] in Monmouthshire, Wales, a member of the House of Plantagenet, was the second surviving son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. In his childhood he had a claim on the Kingdom of Sicily, but he never ruled there. He was granted all the lands of Simon de Montfort in 1265, and from 1267 he was titled Earl of Leicester. In that year he also began to rule Lancashire, but he did not take the title Earl of Lancaster until 1276. Between 1276 and 1284 he governed the counties of Champagne and Brie with his second wife, Blanche of Artois, in the name of her daughter Joan, and he was described in the English patent rolls as earl of Lancaster and Champagne.[3] His nickname, "Crouchback" (meaning "cross-back"), refers to his participation in the Ninth Crusade.

Life
Edmund was born in London, a son of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. He was a younger brother of Edward I, Margaret, and Beatrice, and an elder brother of Catherine.

He was invested ruler of the Kingdom of Sicily by the Bishop of Bologna in 1255, on behalf of Pope Alexander IV. In return, his father undertook to pay the papacy 135,541 marks and fight a war to dislodge the Hohenstaufen king Manfred. Henry's barons refused to contribute to what they called the "Sicilian business", and ultimately Henry was only able to pay 60,000 marks. Steven Runciman says the grant of the kingdom was revoked by Pope Alexander IV on 18 December 1258;[5] Baines and Harland state that this occurred in 1263, under Pope Urban IV.

However, Edmund soon obtained important possessions and dignities, for soon after the forfeiture of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester on 25 October 1265, Edmund received the Earldom of Leicester[6] and later that of Lancaster.[3] He was granted the honour of the Stewardship of England and the lands of Nicolas de Segrave. He also acquired the titles and estates of Lord Ferrers, that included the earldom of Derby, and the Honour of Hinckley Castle.

In 1267, Edmund was granted the lordship of Builth Wells, in opposition to the then holder, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (the last prince of an independent Wales). To help him conquer the land, he was also granted his elder brother's lordships of the Trilateral of Skenfrith, Grosmont and White Castle, all in Monmouthshire, together with Monmouth. After the civil war in 1267, he was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire. Henry III created his second son Earl of Leicester in 1267, granting the honour and privileges of that city. The following year he was made Constable of Leicester Castle, a royal possession in the king's name. Crouchback by now had a reputation as a ruthless and ferocious warrior, but he was not in England fighting de Montfort.[7]

In 1271, Edmund accompanied his elder brother Edward on the Ninth Crusade to Palestine. Some historians, including the authors of the Encyclopµdia Britannica article on him, state that it was because of this that he received the nickname 'Crouchback' (which means "cross-back"), indicating that he was entitled to wear a cross stitched into the back of his garments.[8]

On his return from the Crusade of 1271–2, he seems to have made Grosmont Castle his favoured home and undertook much rebuilding there. His son Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster was apparently born there in 1281.

Edmund remained loyal to his brother, Edward I; the Charter grants of 1265, 1267, and 1268–9 were confirmed by the King in a document of Inspeximus in 1284, and by Parliament in the Great Charter of Leicester.[9] Also in 1284, on the marriage of his stepdaughter, he renounced the title of earl of Champagne, although he continued in possession of his wife's dowerlands.[3] Edmund frequently acted as an ambassador abroad. He was sent as Governor of Ponthieu in 1291, on behalf of his second wife, Blanche of Artois.

His duty to the church included the foundation of a Nuns of Clara or Poor Clares nunnery at Minories, St Aldate's. In 1291, his estate paid for the establishment for the Chapel of Savoy, in memory of his mother, near St Clement Danes. Filial piety was part of the chivalric code of an honourable knight. Edmund was a generous benefactor to the monastery of Grace Dieu in Leicestershire, and to the nuns at Tarrant Crawford. He also helped establish a major Greyfriars monastery at Preston in the duchy of Lancaster.

In 1281, he supervised the construction of Aberystwyth Castle for King Edward I to subjugate the Welsh. The following year Edmund accompanied Roger Mortimer on campaign against Llywelyn, defeating and capturing the prince.

In 1294 the French king, Philip IV, through trickery, defrauded King Edward out of his lands in Gascony. Edward immediately began to plan an invasion, but ran into difficulties. First, some of the Welsh rebelled against him, then the Scots rebelled. Finally, by the end of 1295, he was ready to take up the conflict with Philip. He wanted to send Edmund to lead a small force ahead of the main army he was gathering, but Edmund fell ill in that autumn and was unwell until Christmas. Finally Edmund was able to go to Bordeaux for his brother.[10] Amongst the nobles[6]:123 was the Earl of Lincoln and 26 banneret knights. During the siege of Bayonne the English ran out of money, so the army melted into the countryside. Broken-hearted, the warrior-prince Edmund Crouchback died on 5 June. His body was carried to England and was interred on 15 July 1296 at Westminster Abbey, London.

Family
Edmund married firstly on 8 April 1269 Aveline de Forz, daughter of William de Forz, 4th Earl of Albemarle and Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Devon. She died just four years after the marriage, at the age of 15, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. The couple had no children, though some sources believe she may have died in childbirth or shortly after a miscarriage.[citation needed]

He married secondly on 3 February 1276 Blanche of Artois, in Paris, widow of King Henry I of Navarre, and daughter of Robert I of Artois and Matilda of Brabant. With Blanche he had three children:

Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster (born circa 1278, executed 22 March 1322)
Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (born circa 1281, died 22 September 1345)
John of Lancaster (born bef. May 1286, died in France shortly bef. 13 June 1317),[11] seigneur of Beaufort (present-day Montmorency, Aube, arrond. d'Arcis-sur-Aube, canton de Chavanges) and Nogent-l'Artaud (Aisne, arrond. de Chãateau-Thierry, canton de Charly), France. Before July 1312, he married Alix de Joinville, widow of Jean d'Arcis, seigneur of Arcis-sur-Aube and Chacenay (died in or before 1307), and daughter of Jean de Joinville, seigneur de Joinville (Haute-Marne, arrond. Vassy, ch.-I. canton), Seneschal of Champagne, by his second wife, Alix, daughter and heiress of Gautier, seigneur of Reynel. They had no issue.

Edmund's seal as king of Sicily:
Eadmundus Dei gracia Siciliae rex



Edmund's seal (19th-century reproduction by Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville)

Ancestry
Ancestors of Edmund Crouchback
Notes
(a label azure three fleur-de-lys or each)Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family
Grosmont Castle in Monmouthshire granted to him by his father in 1267
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Edmund, Earl of Lancaster" . Encyclopµdia Britannica. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 948–949.
Simon Lloyd, "Edmund , first earl of Lancaster and first earl of Leicester (1245–1296)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, January 2008).
Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 59–63.
Baines, Edward and Harland, John. The History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster, G. Routledge and Sons, 1868
Rothero, Christopher (1984). The Scottish and Welsh Wars 1250–1400. Osprey Publishing. p. 32.
Heylin, Peter (1652). Cosmographie. p. 110. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
"Fourteenth century England" vol. VII, p.137.
Morris, Mark (2015). ""Chapter 9"". A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain.
See: Foundations 1(3) (2004): 198–199.
External links
Inquisition Post Mortem
References
Remfry, P.M., Grosmont Castle and the families of Fitz Osbern, Ballon, Fitz Count, Burgh, Braose and Plantagenet of Grosmont. SCS Publishing, Worchester, 2003 (ISBN 1-899376-56-9)
Edmund Crouchback at Find a Grave
W.E. Rhodes, "Edmund, Earl of Lancaster", English Historical Review, x (1895)
R. Somerville, History of the Duchy of Lancaster, i, 1953

end of this biography

Edmund married Blanche de Capet d'Artois, Queen of Navarre, Princess of France before 29 Oct 1275-6 in Paris, France. Blanche was born in 1245 in Arras, Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 2 May 1302 in Paris, France; was buried in Nogent-l'Artaud, Aisne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Margaret of England (29 September 1240 - 26 February 1275) was Queen of Scots as the wife of King Alexander III.

Life

Margaret was the second child of King Henry III of England and his wife, Eleanor of Provence, and was born at Windsor Castle. Margaret’s first appearance in historical record comes when she was three years old.

She was married on 26 December 1251, when she was 11 years old, at York Minster, to King Alexander III of Scotland, who was 10 years of age. The couple had three children:[1]

Margaret (28 February 1261 – 9 April 1283), who married King Eric II of Norway.
Alexander (21 January 1264 Jedburgh – 28 January 1284 Lindores Abbey).
David (20 March 1272 – June 1281 Stirling Castle); buried in Dunfermline Abbey.
Margaret is said to have been unhappy in Scotland, and created some tensions between England and Scotland by writing to her family in England that she was poorly treated in Scotland.[2]

It was said that Margaret was responsible for the death of a young courtier, who reputedly had killed her uncle Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.[3] While walking along the River Tay, she became annoyed with the young man. She jokingly pushed him into the river, but he was swept to his death by a powerful current before anyone could help.[4]

Margaret died on 26 February 1275 at Cupar Castle, and was buried at Dunfermline Abbey, Fife.

Margaret married Alexander III, King of Scotland on 26 Dec 1251 in York Minster, York, Yorkshire, England. Alexander (son of Alexander II, King of the Scots and Marie de Coucy) was born on 4 Sep 1241 in Roxburgh Castle, Roxburghshire, Scotland; died on 19 Mar 1286 in Fife, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sir Richard of Cornwall (died 1296) was an illegitimate son of Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall (1209-1272) (the second son of King John (1199-1216)) by his mistress Joan de Valletort.

Origins

Father

He was the second illegitimate son of Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall (1209-1272), the second son of King John (1199-1216).

Mother

His mother was Richard's mistress Joan, of unknown origins.[2] She married twice:

Firstly to Ralph de Valletort (d.1267),[3] feudal baron of Harberton,[4] Devon, and feudal baron of Trematon, Cornwall. He died before 1267 leaving a son who was a minor. As lady of the manor of Holne, Joan de Valletort, Sir Ralph’s widow, made a grant to Henry, Abbot of Buckfast Abbey, of her dower lands at Holne.[5] She left progeny Reginald de Valletort, who granted the manor of Trematon to Earl Richard.
Secondly to Alexander Okeston, of Okeston (alias Oxton), Devon,[6] who was granted by Sir Roger de Valletort, Joan's former brother-in-law, the manors of Modbury[7] and Bridford.[8] By Okeston she had progeny Sir James Okeston, who died without progeny, and Joan de Okeston, wife of Richard Champernowne of Clyst Champernowne.[9] Her son Sir Richard Champernowne inherited Bridforde and Modbury by command of King Edward II (1307-1327)[10] who in 1314[11] compelled Sir James Okeston to convey the former Valletort lands to his nephew Sir Richard Champernowne.[12] The Champernown family was thenceforth seated at Modbury.

Career

Sir Richard of Cornwall received a grant from his half-brother Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall (d.1300) in which he was called "brother".

Marriage & progeny

He married Joan FitzAlan, daughter of John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel, and by her had three sons and a daughter, including:

Joan of Cornwall, wife of Sir John Howard, from whom the Howard family, Dukes of Norfolk, are descended.[13]
Edmund de Cornwall of Thonock and Kinlet,[14] ancestor of the Shropshire Cornwall's, including John Cornwall (c.1366-1414).
Geoffrey Cornwall, first of the line of Barons of Burford,[15] including Thomas Cornwall.
Armorials[edit]

Heraldic escutcheon from mural monument in Branscombe Church, Devon, to Joan Tregarthin (died 1583). The arms are Wadham (9 quarters), impaling Tregarthin (6 quarters). The 4th quarter of the latter is:A lion rampant in chief a label of three points a bordure engrailed bezantee
He adopted the arms of his father with difference a bordure engrailed. These arms were later used by the following families which claimed descent from him:

Cornewall Baronets, which family claimed descent from a younger branch of the de Cornewall family, Barons of Burford, lineally descended from Sir Richard of Cornwall (d.1296).[16]
Tregarthin family of Cornwall, with addition of a label. The arms on the monument in Branscombe Church in Devon to Joan Tregarthin (died 1583), wife of John Wadham (died 1578), quarter de Cornwall. The ancestry of Joan Tregarthin, was set out by Davies in his "Parochial History of Cornwall", concerning the parish of Goran, as follows:[17]
"At Tregarden lived John de Tregarthyn, temp Edward I, how long before I know not, after which his posterity in this place married with the great inheritrixes of Pever, Chamberlayne and Hendower, of Court, in Branell, by which last, by the Cornwalls of that place, they were lineally descended from Richard, Earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans, by his concubine Joan de Valletort, widow of Sir Alexander Oakeston".

Death

He was slain by an arrow at the Siege of Berwick in 1296.

References

Jump up ^ Courthope, William (ed.), Debrett's Baronetage of England, 7th Edition, London, 1835, p.185 [1]
Jump up ^ No reliable source confirms her as, or suggests she was, a member of the de Bath family of Colebrooke, Devon. For example, John Prince (biographer) in his "Worthies of Devon" biography of Sir Henry Bath (d.1261), Justice of the King's Bench, makes no mention of such connection
Jump up ^ Samuel Lysons, Magna Britannia, Vol.3, : Cornwall, pp. 118-174
Jump up ^ Pole, p.21
Jump up ^ Hamilton, Dom. Adam, OSB, History of St Mary's Abbey of Buckfast, 1906, p.92 [2]
Jump up ^ "Oxton manor house on the road between Chudleigh and Exeter", per Hamilton, 1906, p.92
Jump up ^ Pole, p.309
Jump up ^ Pole, p.248
Jump up ^ Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p.160, pedigree of Champernowne
Jump up ^ Risdon, Tristram (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.187
Jump up ^ Risdon, p.129, regnal year "8 Edward son of Edward"
Jump up ^ Risdon, p.129
Jump up ^ Richardson I 2011, pp. 574–5; Richardson II 2011, p. 265
Jump up ^ Foljambe, Cecil G. S.; Reade, Compton (1908). The House of Cornewall. Hereford: Jakeman and Carver. p. 54ff. Retrieved 6 July 2016. at Internet Archive.
Jump up ^ Marshall, George William (1879). The Barons of Burford. The Genealogist. 3. London: George Hill. p. 225–230. Retrieved 6 July 2016. at Internet Archive.
Jump up ^ Courthope, William (ed.), Debrett's Baronetage of England, 7th Edition, London, 1835, p.185 [3]
Jump up ^ Gilbert, Davies, (ed.), The Parochial History of Cornwall: Founded on the Manuscripts...,Volume 2, pp.109-110, adding ref to his articles on "St Stephens in Branell"and "St Stephens in Saltash"

Birth:
Photos , Map & History of Kinlet ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinlet

Buried:
Cornwall

Richard married Joan FitzAlan about 1279 in Burford, Shropshire, England. Joan (daughter of Sir John FitzAlan, Knight, 6th Earl of Arundel and Maud de Verdon) was born in ~ 1267; died after 6 October 1316. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola (1244 – 1291) was the son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England.[1]

Biography

He participated in the Battle of Evesham against the royalist forces of his uncle, King Henry III of England, and his cousin, Prince Edward. Both his father and elder brother were traumatically killed during the disastrous battle, Guy de Montfort was extremely wounded and captured.[2]

He was held at Windsor Castle until spring 1266, when he bribed his captors and escaped to France to rejoin his exiled family. Guy and his brother, Simon the younger, wandered across Europe for several years, eventually making their way to Italy.[2]

Guy took service with Charles of Anjou, serving as his Vicar-General in Tuscany. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Tagliacozzo and was given Nola by Charles of Anjou.

In 1271, Guy and Simon discovered that their cousin Henry of Almain (son of Richard, Earl of Cornwall) was in Viterbo at the church of San Silvestro.[3] In revenge for the deaths of their father and brother at Evesham, on 13 March, 1271, Guy and Simon murdered Henry while he clutched the altar, begging for mercy. "You had no mercy for my father and brothers", was Guy's reply. This murder was carried out in the presence of the Cardinals (who were conducting a papal Election), of King Philip III of France, and of King Charles of Sicily. For this crime the Montfort brothers were excommunicated, and Dante banished Guy to the river of boiling blood in the seventh circle of his Inferno (Canto XII).

The news reached England, and King Edward I(Note: Edward didn't succeed to throne until 1272) dispatched a clerk of the royal household to inform the northern counties and Scotland about the excommunication.[2] Pope Gregory X wrote a letter (29 November, 1273) to King Edward from Lyons, where he was preparing for an ecumenical council, that Cardinal Riccardo Annibaldi and Cardinal Giovanni Orsini were still in Rome and had been ordered to find a secure place of imprisonment in the territories of the Church for Guy de Montfort.[4]

Simon died later that year at Siena, "cursed by God, a wanderer and a fugitive". Guy was stripped of his titles and took service with Charles of Anjou again, but was captured off the coast of Sicily in 1287 by the Aragonese at the Battle of the Counts. He died in a Sicilian prison.[2]

Family

In Tuscany, he married an Italian noblewoman, Margherita Aldobrandesca, the Lady of Sovana.[5] With her he had two daughters:[6] Anastasia, who married Romano Orsini,[7] and Tomasina, who married Pietro di Vico.

Among his direct descendants (via his elder daughter, Anastasia): late 15th century Kings of Naples, England's Queen-Consort Elizabeth Woodville, 16th century rulers of Poland, Dukes of Ferrera, and Dukes of Guise.

end of biography

Guy married Margherita Aldobrandesca, Lady of SovanaTuscany, Italy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alt Birth: ~ 1223

Isabel married Sir Maurice de Berkeley, Knight in 0___ 1247 in (Kent, England). Maurice (son of Thomas Berkeley and Joan Somery) was born on 4 Apr 1218 in Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England; died on 4 Apr 1281 in Thornbury, Gloucestershire, England; was buried in St. Augustine's Abbey, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir William Marmion, 2nd Baron Marmion of Winteringham. William (son of Sir Robert Marmion, Knight and Amicia Fitz-Hugh) was born in ~ 1230 in Polesworth, Warwickshire, England; died in 0___ 1276 in Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marared married Sir John de Braose in 1219. John (son of Sir William de Braose, III, Knight, 4th Lord of Bramber and Maud de St. Valery, Lady of the Haie) was born in 1197-1198 in (Bramber, Sussex, England); died on 18 Jul 1232 in Bramber, Sussex, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Marared married Sir Walter de Clifford, III, Baron Clifford in 1232. Walter (son of Sir Walter de Clifford, Knight, Baron Clifford and Agnes Condet) was born in ~1187 in (Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England); died in 1263. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: London, Middlesex, England

Notes:

Gwladus Ddu, ("Gwladus the Dark"), full name Gwladus ferch Llywelyn (died 1251) was a Welsh noblewoman who was a daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd and married two Marcher lords.

Sources differ as to whether Gwladus was Llywelyn's legitimate daughter by his wife Joan or an illegitimate daughter by Tangwystl Goch. Some sources[who?] say that Joan gave her lands to Gwladus, which suggests, but does not prove, the former. Gwladus is recorded in Brut y Tywysogion as having died at Windsor in 1251.

Marriage

She married firstly, Reginald de Braose, Lord of Brecon and Abergavenny in about 1215, but they are not known to have had a daughter Matilda de Braose. After Reginald's death in 1228 she was probably the sister recorded as accompanying Dafydd ap Llywelyn to London in 1229.
She married secondly, Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore about 1230. Ralph died in 1246, and their son, Roger de Mortimer, inherited the lordship.

Issue

Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer, in 1247, married Maud de Braose, by whom he had seven children.
Hugh de Mortimer
John de Mortimer
Peter de Mortimer

References

Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis; Lines 132-C-29, 176B-28
John Edward Lloyd (1911) A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Longmans, Green & Co.)

Gwladus married Sir Reginald de Braose, Knight in 1215. Reginald (son of Sir William de Braose, Knight, 3rd Lord of Bramber and Lady Bertha of Hereford) was born in 1162 in (Bramber, West Sussex, England); died in BY 1228; was buried in Saint John's, Brecon, Wales. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Gwladus married Sir Ralph de Mortimer, Knight in 1228. Ralph (son of Sir Roger de Mortimer and Isabel de Ferrers) was born before 1198 in Wigmore Castle, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England; died before 6 Aug 1246. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Isabella de Braose. Isabella (daughter of Sir William de Braose, Lord of Brycheiniog and Lady Eva Marshal, Countess of Abergavenny) was born in ~1222 in (Wales). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Elen ferch Llywelyn (c. 1218 – 1253) was the daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd in North Wales by Joan, Lady of Wales, the natural daughter of King John of England.

Elen married John of Scotland, 9th Earl of Huntingdon, in about 1222. He died aged thirty in 1237, and she was forced by King Henry III to marry Sir Robert de Quincy. Their daughter, Hawise, married Baldwin Wake, Lord Wake of Liddell. Hawise and Baldwin’s granddaughter, Margaret Wake, was the mother of Joan of Kent. Joan of Kent was the wife of Edward, the Black Prince and the mother of Richard II of England, who was deposed and died without heirs.

The blood of Llywelyn the Great eventually came into the English royal family through Joan of Kent's earlier marriage to Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent. By their eldest son, Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, two of his six daughters were ancestresses;

Margaret Holland who was the mother of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset; John Beaufort was the grandfather of Henry VII.
Alianore Holland was the grandmother of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York. Richard was the father of Edward IV and Richard III and a grandfather of Elizabeth of York, queen to Henry VII.
By Thomas, 2nd Earl of Kent's other daughter, Eleanor Holland, Countess of Salisbury, Elen ferch Llywelyn was an ancestress of Queen consorts Anne Neville, consort of Richard III and daughter of Warwick, the Kingmaker, as well as Catherine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII.[1][2]

Elen ferch Llywelyn in fiction

Child of the Phoenix by Barbara Erskine
Here Be Dragons by Sharon Kay Penman
Falls the Shadow by Sharon Kay penman: In Penman's version, Elen and Robert de Quincy were lovers, and she married him immediately on John's death despite her father's opposition.

References

Jump up ^ Michael Hicks. Warwick, the Kingmaker, John Wiley & Sons, Sep 17, 2008. pg 8.
Jump up ^ David Baldwin. The Kingmaker's Sisters: Six Powerful Women in the Wars of the Roses, History Press, Aug 1, 2009. *Queen Catherine Parr descends from Warwick's sister, Lady Alice FitzHugh [Neville].

Elen married Sir John of Scotland, 9th Earl of Huntingdon in ~1222. John (son of Sir David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Lady Matilda of Chester, Countess of Huntingdon) was born in 1207; died on 6 Jun 1237. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Robert de Quincy. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Donald Malcolm, Earl of Mar. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The PEDIGREE of
Angharad verch LLEWELYN
Born: abt. 1209


HM George I's 14-Great Grandmother. Poss. HRE Ferdinand I's 12-Great Aunt. Poss. HRE Charles VI's 14-Great Aunt. U.S. President [J.Q. ADAMS]'s 18-Great Grandmother. PM Churchill's 21-Great Grandmother. Lady Diana's 21-Great Grandmother. Louis XVII's 18-Great Grandmother. `Osawatomie' Brown's 18-Great Aunt. Jamie's 24-Great Aunt.
Husband/Partner: Maelgwn FYCHAN ap MAELGWN
Children: Eleanor verch MAELGON ; Elen (Eleanor) verch MAELGWN ; Margred verch MAELGWN ; Elinor verch MAELGWN IEUANC
________ ________ ________ ________ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ _____ _____
/ -- Conan (Cynan) ap IAGO + ====> [ 255 ,,pD,&]
/ -- Griffith (Gruffydd Gruffudd II) ap CONAN
/ \ -- Raignault (Ragnilt) O'OLAF of DUBLIN + ==&=> [ 255 ,,ptD,&]
/ -- Owain (Fawr) Gwynedd ap GRUFFYDD (1100? - 1169)
| \ -- Angharad (of FLINT) verch OWAIN + ====> [ 255 ,g,D,&]
/ | or: (aka?) Angharad verch ALDUD (double-cousin of this Angharad)
/ -- Iorwerth `Drwyndwn' ap OWAIN (1135? - 1177?)
| \ -- Gwladys verch LLYWARCH (of NORTH WALES) + ====> [ 255 ,g,D,&]
/ | OR: Christina verch GRONW of TEGEINGL + ====> [ 255 ,g,D,&]
/ -- Llewelyn Fawr (Prince) of GWYNEDD
| \ / -- Maredudd (Maredydd) ap BLEDDYN + ====> [ 255 ,,pD,&]
| | / -- Madog ap MAREDUDD
| | / \ -- Runydd (Hunydd) verch EINUDD + ==&=> [ 255 ,,ptD,&]
| \ -- Margred verch MADOG of POWYS (1134? - 1198?)
/ \ -- poss. Susanna verch GRUFFYDD of NORTH WALES + ==&=> [ 255 ,g,tD,&]
- Angharad verch LLEWELYN
\ / -- Henry II (King) of ENGLAND + ==&=> [ 255 ,WH,rv,&]
| / -- John `Lackland' (King) of ENGLAND
| / \ -- Eleanor (Duchess/Princess) of AQUITAINE + ==&=> [ 255 ,Hg,&]
\ -- Joan of NORTH WALES
\ / -- William (Walkeline) de FERRERS + ==&=> [ 255 ,hg,D,&]
| / | or: poss. Robert (q.v., William's son)
\ -- Agatha de FERRERS (1168? - ?)
\ | OR: Constance de RICHEMONT (Duchess) de BRETAGNE + ==&=> [ 255 ,WH,Rv,&]
| | OR: Clemence de DAUNTSEY + ====> [ 1]
| / -- William II (Lord of; de) BRAOSE + ==&=> [ 255 ,hGC,r,&]
\ -- Sibyl de BRAOSE (BRAIOSE) (1148? - 1228+)
\ -- Bertha (de GLOUCESTER) de PITRES + ====> [ 255 ,hg,rD,&]
| OR: prob. not Bertha of HEREFORD + ====> [ 255 ,gc,tm,&]


Her (poss.) Great Grandchildren: Teilli verch GRUFFYDD LLWYD ; Crisli verch GRUFFUDD LLWYD ; Cecily verch GRYFFUYD ; Evan Lloyd ap GRUFFYDD LLWYD ; Mareduudd ap OWAIN ; Llewellyn ap OWEN ; Gruffudd ap HWFA ; Generys verch HWFA

[ Start ]
FabPed Genealogy Vers. 83 © Jamie, 1997-2017

Birth:
...probable daughter of Joan...

Family/Spouse: Maelgwn ap Maelgwn. Maelgwn (son of Maelgwn ap Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth and unnamed spouse) was born in ~ 1206 in Wales; died in 0___ 1257. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ela married Baron James de Audley, Knight in 1244. James was born in 1220 in Heleighley Castle, Staffordshire, England; died on 11 Jun 1272 in Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Baroness Maud de Clifford in ~1254. Maud (daughter of Sir Walter de Clifford, III, Baron Clifford and Marared ferch Llywelyn) was born in 1238 in Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England; died before 1283 in Brimpsfield, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Richard married Alice le Rus in ~ 1260. Alice (daughter of Sir William le Rus, Knight and Agatha de Clere) was born on 25 Dec 1245 in Stinton, Norfolk, England; died before 1302 in Stinton, Norfolk, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Alt Birth: Salisbury, Wiltshire, England

Ela married William de Odingsells about 1257 in Maxstoke, Warwick, England. William was born about 1211 in Maxstoke, Warwick, England; died on 19 Apr 1295 in (Warwickshire) England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter (1247 - 18 January 1326) was an English peer.

Life

Robert Fitzwalter was the only son of Sir Walter FitzRobert of Woodham Walter, Essex, and Ida Longespâee, daughter of William Longespâee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, illegitimate son of Henry II.[1][2] In 1258 his wardship was granted to his uncle, Sir Stephen Longespâee.[2]

He came of age in 1268, and was knighted in 1274.[1] In 1275 he had licence to sell Baynard's Castle in London to Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury.[3][4] In 1277 and again in 1282 he took part in the wars in Wales.[3][4] in February 1281 he was preparing to make a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela.[3] In May 1286 he accompanied Edward I to France.[3][4] On 28 June 1293 he was appointed Constable of Castell y Bere in Merionethshire, and in July of that year of Hadleigh Castle in Essex.[3]

In August 1294 he was preparing to go to Gascony on the King's service, and was in Gascony in 1296-7. On 22 July 1298 he fought at the Battle of Falkirk.[3] In 1298 he was granted a weekly fair and market at his manor in Roydon, Essex,[5] and on 12 April 1299 was appointed Captain and Keeper of the Peace in that county. In 1300 he was at the siege of Caerlaverock Castle, and in 1303 and 1306 saw service in Scotland.[3]

He was summoned to military service, to the coronation of Edward II, to various councils, and to Parliament by writs directed Roberto filio Walteri, 'whereby he is held to have become Lord FitzWalter'.[3] On 12 February 1301 he was among the barons who signed a letter intended to be sent to Pope Boniface VIII, repudiating his claim of feudal overlordship of Scotland. On 9 October 1306 he was pardoned of all debts owed to the King. In April 1310 he and his third wife, Alice, intended a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.[3] In February 1317 he was again preparing for a pilgrimage,[3] and in November of that year was granted custody of the town of Colchester, Essex.[5] In June 1320 he was preparing to travel beyond the seas with Edward II. On 6 August 1320 he was exempted from future military service.[3]

On 17 January 1326, immediately prior to his death, he had licence to enfeoff his son, Robert, with two manors.[6]

He died 19 January 1326,[7] and was succeeded in the barony by Sir Robert FitzWalter, his son by his second marriage, his son Walter FitzRobert by his first marriage having predeceased him in 1293.[7]

Marriages and issue

FitzWalter married firstly, in 1259, Devorguille de Burgh (c.1256 – 1284), elder daughter and coheiress of Sir John de Burgh (d. before 3 March 1280) of Wakerley, Northamptonshire, and Cecily Balliol, sister of John de Balliol, King of Scots, and daughter of Sir John de Balliol of Barnard Castle, Durham,[8][9] by whom he had a son and two daughters:[7]

Walter FtzRobert (1275–1293), son and heir apparent, who married, in 1286, Joan d'Engaine (d. 1 June 1315), daughter of Sir John d'Engaine of Colne Engaine, Essex, by whom he had a son, Robert, who died young, predeceasing him. He died without issue in 1293 at Dunmow Priory, and was buried there.[10][11] His widow married, in or before 1296, Adam Welles, 1st Baron Welles (d. 1 September 1311), by whom she had three sons, Robert Welles, 2nd Baron Welles, Adam Welles, 3rd Baron Welles, and Sir John Welles, and three daughters, Margaret and Cecily, both of whom became nuns, and a third daughter who married a husband surnamed Mablethorpe.[11]
Christiana de Burgh, who married William Marshal, 1st Baron Marshal (d. 24 June 1314).[11][12]
Blanche Fitzwalter, a nun at Barking Abbey.[11]
FitzWalter's first wife, Cecily, died in 1284, and was buried at Dunmow Priory.[10]

He married secondly, before 11 March 1290, in the King's chapel at Westminster, Eleanor de Ferrers, daughter of Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby, and his second wife, Eleanor de Bohun, daughter of Sir Humphrey de Bohun (d. 27 October 1265) and Eleanor de Brewes,[13][14] by whom he had a son and three daughters:[15]

Sir Robert Fitzwalter (1300 – 6 May 1328), who married firstly Joan Botetourt, daughter of John Botetourt, 1st Baron Botetourt, and secondly Joan de Multon (d. 16 June 1363), eldest daughter of Thomas de Multon, 1st Baron Multon.[16]
Ida Fitzwalter, who married firstly Sir Robert de la Warde, and secondly Hugh de Neville, 1st Baron Neville.[17]
Denise Fitzwalter.[5]
Mary Fitzwalter.[5]
Fitzwalter's second wife, Eleanor, was buried at Dunmow Priory.[10]

He married thirdly, after 10 May 1308, Alice de Montfort, widow of Sir Warin de Lisle (d. before 7 December 1296) (by whom she was the mother of Robert de Lisle, 1st Baron Lisle (d. 4 January 1343), owner of the Lisle Psalter), and daughter of Sir Peter de Montfort (d.1287) of Beaudesert Castle, Warwickshire, by Maud de la Mare,[18] daughter of Sir Henry de la Mare.[7][19]

Robert married Eleanor de Ferrers before 1291 in King's Chapel, Westminster, London, Middlesex, England. Eleanor (daughter of Sir Robert de Ferrers, Sr., Knight, 6th Earl of Derby and Eleanor de Bohun) was buried in Dunmow Priory. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Ela married Sir Roger La Zouche, Lord of Ashby in ~ 1266 in Northamptonshire, England. Roger (son of Alan la Zouche and Helen de Quincy) was born in ~ 1242 in Ashby de La Zouch, Leicester, England; died before 15 Oct 1288 in Ashby Magna, Leicester, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Emmeline married Sir Maurice FitzGerald, II, 3rd Lord Offally in 1276 in Dublin, Leinster, Ireland. Maurice (son of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly and Juliana de Grenville) was born in 1238 in Wexford, Ireland; died before 10 Nov 1286 in Ross, County Wexford, Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Sir Roger de Mowbray, II, 6th Baron of Mowbray in ~ 1247. Roger (son of Sir William de Mowbray, Knight, 6th Baron of Thirsk and Avice d'Aubigny) was born in 1218 in Thirsk, Yorkshire, England; died before 18 Oct 1263 in Pontefract Castle, Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Beatrice de Munchensy formerly Beauchamp aka FitzOtes
Born 1243 in Emley, Bedfordshire
ANCESTORS ancestors
Daughter of William (Beauchamp) de Beauchamp and Ida (Longespâee) de Beauchamp
Sister of Maud (Beauchamp) le Strange and Ela (Beauchamp) Wake
Wife of Thomas FitzOtes — married before 1264 [location unknown]
Wife of William (Munchensy) de Munchensy Knight — married before 1278 [location unknown]
DESCENDANTS descendants
Mother of Maud (FitzThomas) Botetourt and William (Mountcheney) Munchensy
Died 1285 [location unknown]
Profile manager: Katherine Patterson private message [send private message]
Beauchamp-704 created 15 Feb 2012 | Last modified 14 Feb 2018 | Last tracked change:
14 Feb 2018
14:48: Bree Ogle edited the Biography for Beatrice (Beauchamp) de Munchensy. (readability) [Thank Bree for this]
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Biography
Beatrice was the daughter of William de Bello Campo.[1]

Siblings
Her siblings were:

Simon de Bello Campo, who was married to Isabel who outlived Simon and died before 4 October 1295;[1]
Maud de Maubray (de Mowbray);[1] who had children:
Roger (de Mowbray), born before 1265;[1]
Ela;[1] who had children:
Joan, born in 1265, before 13 November, who was married to Ralph Paynel;[1]
Ida;[1]
Isabel, born before 13 November in 1271, who was married to Simon de Pateshulle;[1]
Elizabeth, born before 13 November 1261, who was married to John de Horbur';[1]
Marriage
Beatrice de Bello Campo was first married to Thomas son of Otho[2]/Otto.[1] Their children are:

Otho[2]/Otto who was deceased before 13 November 1295;[1]
Maud, born 1268/1271, who was married to John de Boteturte alias Boutetourte[2]/Botetourte;[1]
After Thomas died, Beatrice married Sir William de Monte Caniso of Edwardeston[2] Montecanyso of Edwardestone.[1] They had a son:

William, born 1277,[2] or born 1283;[1]
Timeline
A writ dated 4 October 23 Edward I [1295], after the death of Isabel, late wife of Simon de Bello Campo, resulted in an Inquisition in Bedford on the Sunday after St Martin in 23 Edward I, which was 13 November 1295. The jury found that Isabel held the manor of Wottone in dower by the assignment of Simon son of William de Bello Campo, and the heirs of the barony of Bedford were:

Roger, aged 30 plus, son of Simon's sister Maud de Maubray;
Joan, aged 30, daughter of Simon's sister Ela, and wife of Ralph Paynel;
Isabel, aged 24, daughter of Ida, daughter of Simon's sister Ela, and wife of Simon de Pateshulle;
Elizabeth, aged 34, daughter of Simon's sister Ela, and the wife of John de Horbur'
the heirs of the body of Beatrice sometime sister of the said Simon, who were Otto deceased, Maud aged 26 married to John Botetourte, and William de Montecanyso of Edwardestone, aged 12, but because Otto survived his mother the jury were doubtful whether Beatrice's share of the barony should revert to the children of her first or second husband.[1]
On 1 February 1296, a Mandate under the privy seal was sent to John de Langeton, chancellor, to receive the fealty of John de Boteturte, the husband of Maud, for her pourparty of the manor of Wutton.[1]

On 14 May 30 Edward I [1301] a writ was sent to the escheator concerning the property held by William de Monte Caniso of the king, of the inheritance of Beatrice de Bello Campo, his wife. Inquisition post mortems were taken at Bedeford on 24 May, at Belchamp co Essex on 27 May, at Worcester, Suffolk on 26 August, and at Chelmeresford, Essex on 24 August that same year; Beatrice had died during the life of her son Otho;[2] Otho had lately died too;[2] so Maud his sister, aged 30, was the next heir of the said Beatrice;[2] William was also dead and his son William aged 24 and more was his next heir.[2]

Sources
? 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 The Deputy Keeper of the Records, Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem and other Analogous Documents preserved in the Public Record Office, Vol III Edward I, (London: His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Home Department, 1912), accessed 1 August 2014, https://archive.org/stream/cu31924011387812#page/n233/mode/2up pp.188-9. Abstract No 290 Isabel late the wife of Simon de Bello Campo.
? 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 The Deputy Keeper of the Records, Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem and other Analogous Documents preserved in the Public Record Office, Vol IV Edward I, (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1913), accessed 1 August 2014, https://archive.org/stream/cu31924011387820#page/n111/mode/2up pp.64-5. Abstract No 98 William de Monte Caniso of Edwardeston.
"Royal Ancestry" 2013 Douglas Richardson Vol. I. page 354
"Royal Ancestry" 2013 Douglas Richardson Vol. I. page 449

Beatrice married Thomas fitzOtes before 1264. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Member of Parliament
• Alt Birth: Bef 1237, Helmsley, Yorkshire, England

Notes:

Sir Robert de Ros (before 1237 – 17 May 1285) was an English nobleman.

Family

Robert de Ros of Helmsley, Yorkshire, born before 1237, was the grandson of Sir Robert de Ros, one of the twenty-five barons who guaranteed the observance of Magna Carta, and Isabel of Scotland, an illegitimate daughter of William the Lion, King of the Scots, by a daughter of Robert Avenel.[1]

He was the son of Sir William de Ros (died c.1264/5) and Lucy FitzPeter, the daughter of Peter FitzHerbert and Alice FitzRoger. He had five brothers, Sir Peter, Sir William, Sir Alexander, Sir Herbert, and John, and two sisters, Lucy and Alice.[2]

Career

On 24 December 1264 he was summoned to Simon de Montfort's Parliament in London as Robert de Ros,[3][4] and for some time it was considered that the barony was created by writ in that year, and that Robert de Ros was the 1st Baron Ros. According to The Complete Peerage:

In 1616 the barony of De Ros was allowed precedence from this writ [of 24 December 1264], a decision adopted by the Lords in 1806 (Round, Peerage and Pedigree, vol. i, pp. 249-50); but these writs, issued by Simon in the King's name, are no longer regarded as valid for the creation of peerages.[3]

Accordingly, the barony is now considered to have been created when Robert's eldest son, William de Ros was summoned to Parliament from 6 February 1299 to 16 October 1315 by writs directed Willelmo de Ros de Hamelak.[5]<[4]

On 3 July 1257, Ros obtained from Henry III a grant of the free warren, in the lordship of Belvoir, by which the boundary was determined. In 1258, he was actively employed in Scotland, in delivering King Alexander III of Scotland out of the hands of his rebellious subjects; and at Chester, in resisting the hostile invasions of Llewelyn the Last. In the same year, he and his lady Isabel had a controversy with the Prior and Convent of Belvoir, relative to the right of presentation to the Church of Redmile (near Bottesford), which was amicably compromised by their relinquishing the patronage to the convent, for a certain compensation. In 1261 he obtained from the king the grant of a weekly market, to be held at Belvoir, on Tuesday; and of an annual fair on the feast of St John the Baptist, to continue for three days. In 1264, he was one of the insurgent barons who defeated Henry III at the battle of Lewes, and took him and the prince prisoner, confining them in Farleigh Hungerford Castle. In 1264, de Ros was summoned to the parliament, which was called by the barons in the king's name. He died in 1285, and was buried at Kirkham Priory.[6]

Marriage and issue

Robert de Ros married, about 1243, Isabel d'Aubigny (c.1233 – 15 June 1301), granddaughter (her father, William, died in 1247) and heiress of William d'Aubigny (died 1236) of Belvoir, Leicestershire, by his second wife, Isabel, by whom he had five sons and three daughters:[7]

William de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros.
Sir Robert de Ros of Gedney, Lincolnshire, who married a wife named Erneburge.
John de Ros.
Nicholas de Ros, a cleric.
Peter de Ros, a cleric.
Isabel de Ros, who married Walter de Fauconberg, 2nd Baron Fauconberg.
Joan de Ros, who married John Lovell, 1st Baron Lovell.
Mary de Ros, who married William de Braose, 1st Baron Braose.

Footnotes

Jump up ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 444–7.
Jump up ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 444–6.
^ Jump up to: a b Cokayne 1949, p. 95
^ Jump up to: a b Richardson III 2011, p. 448
Jump up ^ Cokayne 1949, p. 97
Jump up ^ Pedigrees of some Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants Vol II, Aileen Lewers Langston & J. Orton Buck, Jr 1974.
Jump up ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 447–8.

References

Cokayne, George Edward (1949). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. XI. London: St. Catherine Press.
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 144996639X

*

Robert De ROS (Sir)

Born: ABT 1223, Hamlake, Holderness, Yorkshire, England

Died: 17 May 1285

Buried: 16 Jun 1285, Kirkham, Yorkshire, England

Notes: M.P. 1261, 1265, summoned to Parliament in 1264 as Baron Ros of Belvoir Castle. In 1258 he was apointed chief commissioner of Herfordshire to inquire into excesses there. In that same year he was summoned for service against the Welsh and the Scots. He sided with Simon de Montfort in 1264/4 and was holding Northampton under the younger Simon when the King took it. He was summoned to Monfort's parliament; but these writs, issued by Simon in the King's name, are no longer regarded as valid for the creation of peerages. In May 1265 Prince Edward (TKing Edward I) escaped from his custody at Hereford to Wigmore Castle, with help of Roger de Mortimer. Robert later surrendered Gloucester Castle to the Prince. After Montfort was slain and his rebellion quashed at the Battle of Eversham Robert received a full pardon at the insistance of Prince Edward. In 1276 he was one of the magnates, who, in council at Westminster, gave judgement against Llewelyn, and was summoned for servive in the consequent campaign. By his marriage he became Lord of Belvoir.

Father: William De ROS (Sir)

Mother: Lucy FITZPIERS

Married: Isabel D'ALBINI 17 May 1246

Children:

1. William De ROS (1º B. Ros of Hamlake)

2. Isabel De ROS

3. Joan De ROS

4. Mary De ROS

5. Avelina De ROS

6. Robert De ROS

7. John De ROS (Bishop of Carlisle)

8. Nicholas De ROS

Buried:
The ruins of Kirkham Priory are situated on the banks of the River Derwent, at Kirkham, North Yorkshire, England. The Augustinian priory was founded in the 1120s by Walter l'Espec, lord of nearby Helmsley, who also built Rievaulx Abbey ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkham_Priory

Images for Kirkham Priory ... https://www.google.com/search?q=Kirkham+Priory&rlz=1C1KMZB_enUS591US591&espv=2&biw=1440&bih=810&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjYj6LQuIzPAhXCJiYKHVRGC3wQsAQIMA

Robert married Isabel d'Aubigny on 17 May 1246. Isabel (daughter of William d'Aubigny and unnamed spouse) was born in ~ 1233; died on 15 Jun 1301. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Ingmanthorpe, Yorkshire, England
• Residence: Scotland
• Residence: Gascony, France

Notes:

Birth: unknown, England
Death: May, 1310, England

Knight of Ingmanthorpe in Kirk Deighton, Yorkshire, in right of his wife, of Greasley, Nottinghamshire, Ilkeston, Derbyshire.

Third son of Sir William de Ros and Lucy FitzPeter, grandson of Sir Robert de Ros and Isabel of Scotland, Peter FitzHubert and Alice FitzRoger.

Husband of Eustache FitzEalph, daughter and heiress of Sir Ralph FitzHugh of Greasley and the daughter of Sir John de la Haye, widow of Sir Nicholas de Cantelowe of Buckinghamshire. They married in 1268 and had one son and five daughters:
* Sir William
* Lucy
* Isabel
* Margaret
* Ivette
* Mary, the Prioress of Rosedale Priory

Sir William served in Scotland 1257 and 1258, Gascony in 1294 and then Scotland in 1296. Sir William died shortly before May 28 1310, the date of his burial, and was buried beside his wife who died previously.

The family surname is found both Ros and Roos.

Family links:
Parents:
William de Ros (1192 - 1264)
Lucy FitzPiers de Ros (1207 - 1267)

Spouse:
Eustache FitzRalph Ros

Children:
Ivetta De Ros Scrope (1285 - 1331)*

Siblings:
William de Ros (____ - 1310)
Alice de Ros (____ - 1286)*
Robert de Ros (1223 - 1285)*
Lucy de Ros de Kyme (1230 - ____)*

*Calculated relationship

Burial:
Greyfriars Abbey Church (Defunct)
York
York Unitary Authority
North Yorkshire, England

Created by: Anne Shurtleff Stevens
Record added: Apr 02, 2013
Find A Grave Memorial# 107743856

Buried:
Greyfriars Abbey Church (Defunct)

William married Lady Eustache FitzRalph in 0___ 1268. Eustache was born in England; died before 1310 in England; was buried in Greyfriars Abbey Church, King's Straith, York, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Anne married Saire Sutton in 0___ 1266. Saire (son of Saire Sutton and Joana Ayncourt) was born in Holderness, Yorkshire, England; died in ~ 1292 in Holderness, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford. Henry (son of Humphrey de Bohun, III, Lord of Trowbridge and Lady Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany) was born in 0___ 1176 in Hungerford, Berkshire, England; died on 1 Jun 1220. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sibyl de Ferrers. Sibyl (daughter of Sir William de Ferrers, III, Knight, 5th Earl of Derby and Sybil Marshal) was born in (Derbyshire, England). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Humphrey married Eleanor de Braose after 1241 in Breconshire, Wales. Eleanor (daughter of Sir William de Braose, Lord of Brycheiniog and Lady Eva Marshal, Countess of Abergavenny) was born in ~ 1228 in Breconshire, Wales; died in 0___ 1251; was buried in Llanthony Priory, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke. Anselm (son of Baron John FitzGilbert and Sibyl of Salisbury) was born in ~1150 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales; died on 22 Dec 1245. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Roger de Quincy, Knight, 2nd Earl of Winchester. Roger (son of Sir Saer de Quincy, Knight, 1st Earl of Winchester and Margaret de Beaumont) was born in ~ 1195; died on 25 Apr 1264. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir Roger de Toeni, V, Lord of Flamstead. Roger (son of Sir Ralph Toeni, VI, Lord of Flamstead and Petronilla Lacy) was born about 29 Sep 1235 in Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England; died before 12 May 1264. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Eleanor married Sir John de Verdun, Baron of Westmeath before 1267. John (son of Sir Theobald le Botiller, 2nd Chief Butler of Ireland and Rohesia de Verdon) was born in ~ 1226 in Cheadle, Staffordshire, England; died before 21 Oct 1274 in Cheadle, Staffordshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Birth:
Barnard Castle: Historpy, Map & Photo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard_Castle

Family/Spouse: Sir John de Burgh, Knight. John was born in ~ 1236 in Lanvaly, Connacht, Ireland; died before 3 Mar 1280. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir John "Black Comyn" Comyn, II, Lord of Badenoch. John (son of Sir John Comyn, I, Lord of Badenoch and Alice de Roos) was born in ~1242 in Iverness, Scotland; died in 1302 in Lochindorb Castle, Strathspey, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

John Balliol[1] (c.?1249 - 25 November 1314), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the presumptive heir to King Alexander III died, Balliol was chosen as the new King of Scotland by a group of auditors. Edward I of England constantly tried to undermine his reign and demanded that Balliol treat Scotland as a vassal state. As a result, the Scottish grew tired of him and appointed a council of twelve to rule instead. This council signed a treaty with France known as the Auld Alliance.

In retaliation, Edward invaded Scotland, starting the Scottish Wars of Independence. After a Scottish defeat in 1296, Balliol abdicated and was imprisoned in the Tower of London. Eventually, Balliol was sent to France, and made no effort to help the Scots. Scotland was then left without a monarch until Robert the Bruce ascended in 1306.

Name

In Norman French his name was Johan de Bailliol,[2] in Middle Scots it was Jhon Ballioun, and in Scottish Gaelic, Iain Bailiol. In Scots he was known by the nickname Toom Tabard, usually understood to mean "empty coat", with the word coat referring to coat of arms.[3]

Early life

Little of Balliol's early life is known. He was born between 1248 and 1250 at an unknown location; possibilities include Galloway, Picardy and Barnard Castle, County Durham.[4] He was the son of John, 5th Baron Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle, and his wife Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway and granddaughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon.[5] From his mother he inherited significant lands in Galloway and claim to Lordship over the Gallovidians, as well as various English and Scottish estates of the Huntingdon inheritance; from his father he inherited large estates in England and France, such as Hitchin, in Hertfordshire.

Accession as King of Scots

In 1284 Balliol had attended a parliament at Scone, which had recognised Margaret, Maid of Norway, as heir presumptive to her grandfather, King Alexander III.[6] Following the death of Margaret in 1290, John Balliol was a competitor for the Scottish crown in the Great Cause,[5] as he was a great-great-great-grandson of King David I through his mother (and therefore one generation further than his main rival Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale, grandfather of Robert the Bruce, who later became king), being senior in genealogical primogeniture but not in proximity of blood. He submitted his claim to the Scottish auditors with King Edward I of England as the arbitrator, at Berwick-upon-Tweed on 6 June 1291.[7] The Scottish auditors' decision in favour of Balliol was pronounced in the Great Hall of Berwick Castle on 17 November 1292,[7] and he was inaugurated accordingly King of Scotland at Scone, 30 November 1292, St. Andrew's Day.[5]

Edward I, who had coerced recognition as Lord Paramount of Scotland, the feudal superior of the realm, steadily undermined John's authority. He demanded homage to be paid towards himself, legal authority over the Scottish King in any disputes brought against him by his own subjects, contribution towards the costs for the defence of England, and military support was expected in his war against France. He treated Scotland as a feudal vassal state and repeatedly humiliated the new king. The Scots soon tired of their deeply compromised king; the direction of affairs was allegedly taken out of his hands by the leading men of the kingdom, who appointed a council of twelve—in practice, a new panel of Guardians—at Stirling in July 1295. They went on to conclude a treaty of mutual assistance with France – known in later years as the Auld Alliance.

Abdication

In retaliation, Edward I invaded, commencing the Wars of Scottish Independence. The Scots were defeated at Dunbar and the English took Dunbar Castle on 27 April 1296.[7] John abdicated at Stracathro near Montrose on 10 July 1296.[7] Here the arms of Scotland were formally torn from John's surcoat, giving him the abiding name of "Toom Tabard" (empty coat).[3]

John was imprisoned in the Tower of London until allowed to go to France in July 1299. When his baggage was examined at Dover, the Royal Golden Crown and Seal of the Kingdom of Scotland, with many vessels of gold and silver, and a considerable sum of money, were found in his chests. Edward I ordered that the Crown be offered to St. Thomas the Martyr and that the money be returned to John for the expenses of his journey. But he kept the Seal himself.[8] John was released into the custody of Pope Boniface VIII on condition that he remain at a papal residence. He was released around the summer of 1301 and lived the rest of his life on his family's ancestral estates at Hâelicourt, Picardy.

Over the next few years, there were several Scottish rebellions against Edward (for example, in 1297 under William Wallace and Andrew Moray). The rebels would use the name of "King John", on the grounds that his abdication had been under duress and therefore invalid. This claim came to look increasingly tenuous, as John's position under nominal house-arrest meant that he could not return to Scotland nor campaign for his release, despite the Scots' diplomatic attempts in Paris and Rome. After 1302, he made no further attempts to extend his personal support to the Scots. Effectively, Scotland was left without a monarch until the accession of Robert the Bruce in 1306.

Death

John died around 25 November 1314 at his family's chãateau at Hâelicourt in France.[9] On 4 January 1315, King Edward II of England, writing to King Louis X of France, said that he had heard of the death of 'Sir John de Balliol'[10] and requested the fealty and homage of Edward Balliol to be given by proxy.

A John de Bailleul is interred in the church of St. Waast at Bailleul-sur-Eaune.[10] This may or may not be the Scottish King.

John was survived by his son Edward Balliol, who later revived his family's claim to the Scottish throne, received support from the English, and had some temporary successes.

Marriage and issue

John married, around 9 February 1281, Isabella de Warenne, daughter of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey.[5] Her mother Alice de Lusignan was daughter of Hugh X de Lusignan by Isabella of Angoulãeme, widow of King John of England, making Isabella niece, in the half-blood, of Henry III of England. John was also the brother-in-law to John Comyn, who was murdered by Robert the Bruce in February 1306, in Dumfries.[dubious – discuss]

It has been established that John and Isabella had at least one child:

Edward Balliol, Scottish pretender, (d.1367). Married to Marguerite de Taranto, daughter of Philip I, Prince of Taranto (d. 1332) – annulled or divorced with no issue.
However, other children have been linked to the couple as other possible issue:

Henry de Balliol. He was killed in the Battle of Annan on 16 December 1332, leaving no issue.[11]
Agnes (or Maud or Anne) Balliol was married to Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan, and feudal Baron of Bedale. They were parents to Agnes FitzAlan (b. 1298), who married Sir Gilbert Stapleton, Knt., of Bedale (1291–1324). Gilbert is better known for his participation in the assassination of Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall.
Margaret Balliol. Died unmarried.

Died:
Chãateau de Hâelicourt was a castle near Tilloy-Floriville, Picardy, France. The former King of Scotland, Sir John Balliol, retired to the castle after being released by Pope Boniface VIII and ended his days at the castle.

In 1492, John of Luxembourg, with its Burgundian and Raoul Le Boutillier, with 300 English, seized the castle Hâelicourt, under an order of the Earl of Warwick, September 30, 1422, the castle was demolished Hâelicourt thoroughly ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_H%C3%A9licourt

John married Lady Isabella de Warenne, Baroness of Bywell on 9 Feb 1281. Isabella (daughter of Sir John de Warenne, Knight, 6th Earl of Surrey and Alice de Lusignan) was born on 23 Sep 1253; died before 1292. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Maud married Sir Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan before 2 Jul 1297. Bryan (son of Sir Alan FitzBryan, Lord of the Manor of Bedale and Agnes LNU) was buried in Bedale Church, Bedale, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

John Comyn (Cumyn) (c. 1215 – c. 1275) was Lord of Badenoch in Scotland. He was justiciar of Galloway in 1258.[1][2] He held lands in Nithsdale[3] (Dalswinton, a Comyn stronghold,[4][5] and Duncow[6]) and Tynedale.

Life[edit]
The Comyn family were in effective power in Scotland from 1249 to 1255, when Alexander III of Scotland was a minor; John was one of those with court influence.[3] The Comyns were ousted, by Alan Durward, but returned to power in 1257-8, before provoking a strong English reaction.[3][7]

He fought for Henry III of England at the Battle of Lewes (1265), with John Baliol the elder and Robert Bruce the elder,[8] and was captured.[9] In 1267 he was given license to crenellate Tarset Castle in Tynedale (by present-day Lanehead, near Hexham), by Henry III;[10] Tarset had previously been held by Walter Comyn.[11]

He started castle construction at Blair Castle with a tower built in 1269.[12] The place was soon taken back by David, Earl of Atholl.[13]

Family

John was the son of a Richard Comyn and was the grandson (through Richard) of William Comyn, jure uxoris Earl of Buchan.

According to the 1911 Encyclopµdia Britannica he died in 1274, and was nephew of Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan, Constable of Scotland), and of Walter Comyn, Earl of Mentieth.[14] His date of death is also given as 1277.[15]

He succeeded his uncle Walter, in 1258, as Lord of Badenoch, and was succeeded by his son John II, the "Black Comyn". John I was known as the "Red Comyn", the nickname more commonly applied to his grandson.[16]

His second wife is given as Alice de Roos (Ros),[17] or Alice de Lindsay of Lamberton.[15] His first wife was called Eva.

His children, at least four sons and four daughters, included:

John II
a daughter who married Alexander of Argyll[15]
a daughter who married Sir William Galbraith, 4th Chief of that Ilk, Lord of Kyncaith[18]
a daughter who married Galfrid de Mowbray[19]
a daughter who married Sir Andrew Moray[20]

John married Alice de Roos in 1260. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sir Robert VI de Brus (July 1243 - soon bef. 4 March 1304[1]), 6th Lord of Annandale (dominus vallis Anandie), jure uxoris Earl of Carrick[2] (1271–1292), Lord of Hartness,[3] Writtle and Hatfield Broad Oak (Wretele et Hatfeud Regis), was a cross-border lord,[4] and participant of the Second Barons' War, Ninth Crusade, Welsh Wars, and First War of Scottish Independence.

Of Scoto-Norman heritage, through his father he was a third-great grandson of David I. His ancestors included Richard (Strongbow) de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, King of Leinster and Governor of Ireland, and William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, regent of England, and Henry I of England.

Life

The son and heir of Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale and Lady Isabella de Clare, daughter of the Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, his birth date is generally accepted, but his place of birth is less certain. It has been speculated that he, rather than his first son, was born on the family estate at Writtle, Essex.[5][6][7]

Legend tells that the 27-year-old Robert de Brus was a handsome young man participating in the Ninth Crusade. When Adam de Kilconquhar, one of his companions-in-arms, fell in 1270, at Acre, Robert was obliged to travel to tell the sad news to Adam's widow Marjorie of Carrick. The story continues that Marjorie was so taken with the messenger that she had him held captive until he agreed to marry her, which he did in 1271.[1][8] However, since the crusade landed in Acre on 9 May 1271, and only started to engage the Muslims in late June, the story and / or his participation in the Ninth Crusade are generally discounted.[5][9]

What is recorded, is that:

In 1264 his father, the 5th Lord of Annandale, was captured, along with Henry III, Richard of Cornwall, and Edward I at the Battle of Lewes, Sussex. Bruce negotiated with his uncle Bernard Brus, and cousin Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, both supporters of Simon de Montfort, over the terms of the ransom. Following the Battle of Evesham, in August 1265, both Bruce and his father profited from the seizure of the rebellious Barons' possessions, including those of Bernard. The younger Robert acquired lands in Yorkshire, Northumberland, and Bedfordshire.[10]

Robert and his younger brother Richard are known to have received letters of protection, in July 1270, to sail with Edward for crusade that August, and are presumed to have taken the cross, with Edward, at Northampton in 1268. They were joined by their Father, who'd sought pardon from Alexander III, but their date of return from Acre is less certain, it may have been as early as October 1271, when the younger Robert is recorded as receiving a quitclaim in Writtle, Essex, and his mother a gift of deer, from the King, also in Essex.[10]

In 1272 he married, without Scottish Royal consent, Marjory, countess of Carrick. As a result, she temporarily lost her castle and estates, that Oram described as poor, but regained them on payment of a fine.[11]

Around this time his mother died, the date is unknown but on the 3 May 1273 his father married Christina de Ireby, the Widow of Adam Jesmond, the Sheriff of Northumberland, at Hoddam. The marriage added estates in Cumberland and dower land from her previous husband, to the Brus holdings. The younger Robert and his step-mother do not appear to have got on, with Robert recorded as trying to withhold dower lands, after his father's death in 1295.[10][12][13] This may be one of the reasons why the Father appears to have independently managed the possessions in the North, as well as intermittently holding the position of Constable of Carlisle, while Robert appears to have confined himself largely to the management of the southern and midland possessions, with his brother Richard who independently held Tottenham and Kempston, as well as commanding a Knight banneret for Edward. Richard is recorded as receiving a number of wards and gifts of deer and to have sought permission to empark the forest at Writtle at this time. Robert, while not part of Edward's household, became an envoy and mouthpiece for Alexander III at court, swearing fealty on Alexander's behalf, to Edward at Westminster, in 1277, as well as following Edward to Gascony[10] Robert is also recorded as following Alexander to Tewkesbury, in the autumn of 1278.[10]

1281 He is part of the delegation to Guy of Dampierre, Count of Flanders, to arrange the marriage of Alexander, Prince of Scotland, to Guy's daughter Margaret (d. 1331). The couple married on 14 November 1282 at Roxburgh
1282 He participates with his younger brother Richard, who commands at Denbigh, and is paid for his services in Edward's Conquest of Wales.[10][14]
1283 June, he is summoned by writ to Shrewsbury, for the trial of Dafydd ap Gruffydd.
In February 1284, Bruce attended to convention at Scone, where the right of succession of Alexander III's granddaughter, Margaret, Maid of Norway was recognized.[15] On 1 June 1285 the Earl & Countess, at Turnberry, grant the men of Melrose abbey certain freedoms, according to English law.[10]

1286 He is witness, along with his son Robert, to the grant of the church of Campbeltown to Paisley Abbey.
1290 He is party to the Treaty of Birgham.
He supports his father's claim to the vacant throne of Scotland, left so on the death of Margaret I of Scotland in 1290. The initial civil proceedings, known as The Great Cause, awarded the Crown to his fathers 1st cousin once removed, and rival, John Balliol.
1291 He swears fealty to Edward I as overlord of Scotland.
1292 His wife Marjorie dies.
November, his father, Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale – the unsuccessful claimant – resigns his Lordship of Annandale, and claim to the throne to him, allegedly to avoid having to swear fealty to John.[5] In turn he passes his late wife's Earldom of Carrick, in fee, on to his son Robert.
1293 January 1 – His warrener at Gt. Baddow, a Richard, is caught poaching venison at Northle.[10]
1293 He sets sail for Bergen, Norway, for the marriage of his daughter Isabel to King Eric II of Norway, the father of the late Queen Margaret I of Scotland, son-in-law of King Alexander III, and a candidate of the Great Cause. Her dowry for the marriage was recorded by Audun Hugleiksson who noted she brought: precious clothes, 2 golden boiler, 24 silver plate, 4 silver salt cellars, 12 two-handled soup bowls (scyphus) to the Eric's second marriage.
1294/5 He returns to England.
In May 1295 his father, the 5th Lord of Annandale, died,[15] and on 6 October, Bruce swore fealty to Edward and was made Constable and Keeper of Carlisle Castle, a position his father previously held.[1]

Refuses a summons to the Scottish host.
Annandale is seized, by King John Balliol, and given to John "The Red" Comyn, Lord of Badenoch.
Confirms, to Gisborough Priory, the churches of Annandale and Hart. Witnessed by Walter de Fauconberg and Marmaduke de Thweng.[10]
Exchanges common pasture, for land held by William of Carlisle at Kinmount.[10]
Exchanges land in Estfield, for a field adjacent to the prior of Hatfield Regis's manor at Brunesho End Broomshawbury.[10]
Grants Robert Taper, and his wife Millicent, a messuage in Hatfield Regis, and via a separate grant 5.5 acres (22,000 m2) of arable land 1-acre (4,000 m2) of meadow, in Hatfield Regis, for 16s annual rent.[10]
Grants John de Bledelowe, the former lands / tenement of Richard de Cumbes, in Hatfield Regis, for 1d annual rent.[10]
Alters the terms of a grant to Richard de Fanwreyte, of Folewelleshaleyerde, Montpeliers, Writtle, from services to an annual rent. Witnesses includes two of Roberts Cook's at Writtle.[10]
Alters the terms of a grant to Stephen the Tanner, of Folewelleshaleyerde, Montpeliers, Writtle, from services to an annual rent. Witnesses includes two of Roberts Cook's at Writtle.[10]
Alters the terms of a grant to Willam Mayhew, of the tenement Barrieland, Hatfield Regis, to an annual rent of 5s and some services.[10]
1296 Jan, He is summoned to attend to the King Edward at Salisbury
26 March, his garrison repels an attack, led by John Comyn, the new Lord of Annandale, across the Solway on Carlisle Castle. Robert forces the raiders to retreat back through Annandale to Sweetheart Abbey.
28 April, he again swears fealty to Edward I and fights for Edward, at the Battle of Dunbar Castle.
August, with his son Robert he renews the pledge of homage and fealty to Edward, at the "victory parliament" in Berwick.
Edward I denies his claim to the throne and he retires to his estates in Essex.[5]
29 August – At Berwick, agrees the dower lands of his widowed step mother, Christina.[10]
Annandale is re-gained.
Marries an Eleanor.
1298
7 Jan – Transfers a grant of land at Hatfield Regis, from Walter Arnby to his son William.[10][16]
29 May – Grants a John Herolff a half virgate of land in Writtle.[10][17]
1299
1 February – Rents lands at Hatfield Regis, Essex to a John de Bledelowe, for 4s annual rent.[10][18]
4 August – While resident at Writtle, he Rents lands at Hatfield Regis, Essex to a Nicholas de Barenton, for 21s annual rent.[10][19]
1301 November 26 – Grants, Bunnys in Hatfield Broad Oak and Takeley, to an Edward Thurkyld.[10][20]
After 1301, Enfeoffments Writtle, in part, to a John de Lovetot and his wife Joan.[21][22]
1304 Easter, dies en route to Annandale and is buried at Holm Cultram Abbey, Cumberland.[1]
Following his death his Eleanor remarries, before 8 February 1306 (as his 1st wife) Richard Waleys, Lord Waleys, and they had issue. She died shortly before 8 September 1331.[1]
Shortly after the Battle of Stirling Bridge (1297), Annandale was laid waste as retaliation to younger Bruce's actions.

Yet, when Edward returned to England after his victory at the Battle of Falkirk, which one source accords to Robert turning the Scottish flank:[23]

Fordun, John "Chronica Gentis Scotorum (Chronicle of the Scottish nation)", 1363, Translated from the Latin text by Felix J. H. Skene. Ed. by William F. Skene. 1872:

CI - Battle of Falkirk. :— In the year 1298, the aforesaid king of England, taking it ill that he and his should be put to so much loss and driven to such straits by William Wallace, gathered together a large army, and, having with him, in his company, some of the nobles of Scotland to help him, invaded Scotland. He was met by the aforesaid William, with the rest of the magnates of that kingdom; and a desperate battle was fought near Falkirk, on the 22d of July. William was put to flight, not without serious loss both to the lords and to the common people of the Scottish nation. For, on account of the ill-will, begotten of the spring of envy, which the Comyns had conceived towards the said William, they, with their accomplices, forsook the field, and escaped unhurt. On learning their spiteful deed, the aforesaid William, wishing to save himself and his, hastened to flee by another road. But alas! through the pride and burning envy of both, the noble Estates (communitas) of Scotland lay wretchedly overthrown throughout hill and dale, mountain and plain. Among these, of the nobles, John Stewart, with his Brendans; Macduff, of Fife; and the inhabitants thereof, were utterly cut off. But it is commonly said that Robert of Bruce — who was afterwards king of Scotland, but then fought on the side of the king of England — was the means of bringing about this victory. For, while the Scots stood invincible in their ranks, and could not be broken by either force or stratagem, this Robert of Bruce went with one line, under Anthony of Bek, by a long road round a hill, and attacked the Scots in the rear; and thus these, who had stood invincible and impenetrable in front, were craftily overcome in the rear. And it is remarkable that we seldom, if ever, read of the Scots being overcome by the English, unless through the envy of lords, or the treachery and deceit of the natives, taking them over to the other side.

This is contested as no Bruce appears on the Falkirk roll, of nobles present in the English army, and ignoring Blind Harry's 15th claim that Wallace burned Ayre Castle in 1297, two 19th Century antiquarians: Alexander Murison and George Chalmers have stated Bruce did not participate in the battle and in the following month decided to burn Ayr Castle, to prevent it being garrisoned by the English. Annandale and Carrick were excepted from the lordships and lands which Edward assigned to his followers, the father having not opposed Edward and the son being treated as a waverer whose allegiance might still be retained.

Robert at that time was old and ill, and there are reports that he wished his son to seek peace with Edward. If not his son's actions could jeopardise his own income, which was primarily derived from his holdings south of the border (est. ¹340 vs ¹150[10]). The elder Bruce would have seen that, if the rebellion failed and his son was against Edward, the son would lose everything, titles, lands, and probably his life.

It was not until 1302 that Robert's son submitted to Edward I. The younger Robert had sided with the Scots since the capture and exile of Balliol. There are many reasons which may have prompted his return to Edward, not the least of which was that the Bruce family may have found it loathsome to continue sacrificing his followers, family and inheritance for King John. There were rumours that John would return with a French army and regain the Scottish throne. Soulis supported his return as did many other nobles, but this would lead to the Bruces losing any chance of gaining the throne themselves. He died in Palestine and was buried at Holm Cultram Abbey.[15]

Family

His first wife was Margery of Carrick, 3rd Countess of Carrick (11 Apr 1254 – November 1292), the daughter and heiress of Niall, 2nd Earl of Carrick.[8] Carrick was a Gaelic Earldom in Southern Scotland. Its territories contained much of today's Ayrshire and Dumfriesshire. The couple married at Turnberry Castle in 1271 and held the principal seats of Turnberry Castle and Lochmaben.

Their children were:

Isabel Bruce (born c. 1272); married King Eric II of Norway in 1293; d. 1358 in Bergen, Norway.
Christina Bruce (born c. 1273, Seton, East Lothian); married, firstly, Sir Christopher Seton. Married, secondly, Gartnait, Earl of Mar, in 1292 in Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire. Married, thirdly, Sir Andrew Murray, 20 September 1305, d. 1356/7, in Scotland. By her second marriage, she was the mother of Domhnall II, Earl of Mar.
Robert I of Scotland (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329); married, firstly, Isabella of Mar; married, secondly, Elizabeth de Burgh.
Neil de Brus (Niall or Nigel; born c. 1276); taken prisoner at Kildrummie, hanged, drawn and quartered at Berwick-upon-Tweed in September 1306.[8]
Edward Bruce (born c. 1279); crowned 2 May 1316, "King of Ireland". Killed in battle, 5 October 1318.[8] Possible marriage to Isabel, daughter of John de Strathbogie, 9th Earl of Atholl – parents of Alexander Bruce, Earl of Carrick; Edward obtained a dispensation for a marriage to Isabella of Ross, daughter of Uilleam II, Earl of Ross, on 1 June 1317.
Mary Bruce (born c. 1282); married, firstly, Sir Neil Campbell; married, secondly, Sir Alexander Fraser of Touchfraser and Cowie.
Margaret Bruce (born c. 1283); married Sir William Carlyle.
Sir Thomas de Brus (born c. 1284); taken prisoner in Galloway, hanged, drawn and quartered 9 February 1307, Carlisle, Cumberland.[8]
Alexander de Brus (born c. 1285); hanged, drawn and quartered 9 February 1307, Carlisle, Cumberland.
Elizabeth Bruce (born c. 1286); married Sir William Dishington of Ardross, Fife.
Matilda/Margery Bruce (born c. 1287); married Hugh / Aodh, Earl of Ross, in 1308 Orkney Isles, died after September 1323.
He had no children from his second wife, Eleanor N (died between 13 April and 8 September 1331).

Buried:
Holmcultram Abbey (alternatively Holm Cultram Abbey or Holme Cultram Abbey) was a Cistercian monastery in what is now the village of Abbeytown in Cumbria, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1150 and dissolved in 1538. After the dissolution the church continued to be used as the parish church.

History & source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmcultram_Abbey

Robert married Margery of Carrick in 1271 in Turnberry Castle, Kirkoswald, Ayrshire, Scotland. Margery was born on 11 Apr 1254 in (Ayrshire) Scotland; died in 0Nov 1292. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Sir John FitzMarmaduke, Knight. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Children of Mary Clarissa de Brus and Ralph VI de Toeni Lord of Flamstead are:

19. i. Alice de Toeni Countess of Warwick was born 8 JAN 1282/83 in Castle Maud, Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England, was christened 1264 in Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England, and died 1 JAN 1324/25 in Warwick Castle, Warwick, Warwickshire, England. She married Guy of Beauchamp 2nd Earl of Warwick 1303 in Warwick Castle, Warwick, Warwickshire, England, son of William de Beauchamp 9th Earl of Warwick and Maud FitzJohn. He was born 1271 in Warwick Castle, Warwick, Warwickshire, England, was christened 1257 in Elmley Castle, Worcestershire, England, and died 12 AUG 1315 in Warwick Castle, Warwick, Warwickshire, England. She married Thomas de Leybourne 30 MAY 1307, son of William 1st Baron de Leybourne Sir and Julianna de Sandwich. He was born ABT 1275 in Leybourne, Malling, Kent, England, and died BEF 30 MAY 1307. She married William la Zouche Sir BEF 25 FEB 1316/17, son of Robert de Mortimer Sir of Richard's Castle and Joyce la Zouche. He was born ABT 1284 in Kings Nympton, Devon, England, and died 1377 in Richard's Castle, Herefordshire, England.
ii. Robert de Toeni Lord of Bliston died BEF 28 NOV 1309. He married Clarissa WifeofRobertde Toeni.

Family/Spouse: Sir Ralp de Toeni, VI, Lord of Flamstead. Ralp was born in ~1255 in Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England; died on >29 Jul 1295 in Gascony, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Residence: Ireland
• Residence: France
• Residence: Scotland

Notes:

Sir John "1st Lord Hastings, 11th Lord of Abergavenny" de Hastings formerly Hastings
Born 6 May 1262 in Allesley, Warwickshire, England
ANCESTORS ancestors
Son of Henry (Hastings) de Hastings and Joan (Cantilupe) de Hastings
Brother of Lora Hastings, Auda (Hastings) Mareduc and Edmund Hastings
Husband of Isabel (Valence) de Hastings — married after 15 Jul 1275 in England
Husband of Isabel (Despenser) de Monthermer — married about 1308 [location unknown]
DESCENDANTS descendants
Father of Joan Hastings, John Hastings, Henry Hastings, Elizabeth (Hastings) Grey, William Hastings, Thomas Hastings, Margaret Hastings and Hugh (Hastings) de Hastings
Died about 10 Feb 1313 in poss. (bur.) Friars Minor, Coventry, Warwickshire, England

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John Hastings is a descendant of a Magna Carta surety baron.
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John de Hastings was a descendant of Magna Carta surety baron Roger le Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk [1]

Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
1.1 Birth
1.2 Death and burial
2 Marriage and Children
3 Sources
Biography

John (Hastings) de Hastings was a member of aristocracy in the British Isles.
Titles of Sir John de Hastings:

First "Lord Hastings" in the English Peerage.[2]
His father's family had ancient "serjeantrie" rights, originally connected to a stewardship (his ancestor William de Hastings was called "dispensator" to the king) that was served in return for possession of the manor of Uphall in Ashill, Wayland hundred, Norfolk.[3] The office was that of "Napperer" (in charge of the linen), and entitled him to carrying the Second Sword, and the Great Gilt Spurs at coronations.[4]
His father's family also had long held the position of Steward ("Dapifer") of the Liberty of Bury St. Edmund's Abbey. This was connected to the family's possession of Lidgate, Blunham, Herling, Tibbenham and Gissing. His ancestor William de Hastings had inherited this from an uncle.
Seneschal of Aquitaine (appointed 1302 and re-appointed 1309).[5]
Lord of Abergavenny[6]
Complete Peerage concerning his claim to the Scottish throne:[7]

In 1292 he claimed a third part of the Kingdom of Scotland, as grandson and h. of Ada, 4th da. and coh. of David, Earl of Huntingdon: his claim was rejected by the judgment delivered at Berwick Castle, on Monday after St. Martin [17 Nov.].
Military service:

"John fought in Gascony in 1294. He was continually employed in the Scottish wars of Kings Edward I and Edward II, and was present at the Siege of Caerlaverock Castle in 1300." [8]
There was an extensive listing of John's possessions made after his death, and published.[9]

According to Complete Peerage, his will was proved and enrolled, Monday before St. Margaret 1325, in the Court of Husting, London.

Birth
Born: 6 May 1262. At his father's Inquisition Post Mortem, made Tuesday after Palm Sunday, 53 Hen. III, it was mentioned that "John his son, aged 6 on the day of St. John ante Portam Latinam (6 May), 52 Hen. III (1268)., is his heir."[10] That would mean he turned 6 on May 6, 1268, and was therefore born May 6, 1262.

While Complete Peerage says he was born in Allesley in Warwickshire, citing, Contin. Chron. Flor. Wigorn., vol. ii, p. 190, which apparently said he was born "apud Alesle", Blomefield says he was born in the family's ancient seat at Ashill in Norfolk (which was more normally spelled in forms more like Ashele).[3]

Death and burial
He died 10 Feb 1312/3 [8]

Although Richardson in Royal Ancestry Vol. III p. 256 notes John de Hastings burial in Friars Minor, Coventry, recent identification of what may be his tomb in St. Mary's Priory Church, Abergavenny, put the Friars Minor location of his burial in dispute.

Concerning the tomb and effigy of John de Hastings, Alton Rogers received a letter dated August 12, 2006 from Janet Herrod of 'Abergavenny Museum at the Castle' which provided detailed information as well as the pedigree of about the Lords of Abergavenny as well as the pedigree of John de Hastings, 11th Lord of Abergavenny, with effigy photo and information about the de Valence family. The oldest memorial in the Priory Church, dating from around 1325, is a graceful, carved oak effigy of Sir John de Hastings, who was probably responsible for the church's 14th century restoration. Until recent years the tomb associated with the effigy was thought to be of a Cantilupe lord, but in-depth research indicates the tomb is believed by St. Mary's to be that of John de Hastings.

Description of the tomb of John de Hastings: http://stmarys-priory.org/stmaryschurch/monuments.php :

The newly constructed tomb on which the (effigy) figure lies contains paneling from the knight's original tomb, which would have stood in the centre of the choir. Depressions on the side once held brightly enameled heraldic shields. The cross-legged posture was a fashion popular before 1330 or 1340 and his feet rest on a lion, a symbol of courage and strength.
Wikipedia states:[11] :

The Priory Church of St. Mary, Abergavenny, in the center of Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales, has been called the 'Westminster Abbey of Wales' due to its large size, its number of high status church monument tombs and the rare medieval effigies surviving within it.
Marriage and Children
John de Hastings, Knight and Isabel de Valance married (at Braxted, Essex or Blunham, Bedfordshire), by papal dispensation dated 15 July 1275. [8]

They had three sons, William, John, and Henry, and three daughters, Joan, Elizabeth, and Margaret. [8]

Jane Hastings
John Hastings 2nd Lord Hastings
Henry De Hastings clerk, [12]
Elizabeth Hastings
William Hastings Knight
Margaret Hastings
(NOTE: Robert Hastings is not considered a son. See his article.)

Isabel died 5 Oct. 1305, and was buried in the church of the Grey Friars at Coventry, Warkwickshire. [8]

John de Hastings married (2nd) in or before 1308 Isabel le Despenser, widow of Gilbert de Clare, Knt., and daughter of Hugh le Despenser, Knt., Earl of Winchester, 1st Lord Despenser. [8]

John and Isabel le Despenser had two sons, Hugh, Knt., and Thomas. [8]

Thomas Hastings
Hugh de Hastings (heir of his brother)

Sources
Royal Ancestry 2013 D. Richardson Vol. III p. 255-258
Magna Carta Ancestry 2011 2nd ed. Vol. III p. 327-330
? Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
? As mentioned in Complete Peerage and repeated by Richardson, he was summoned to Parliament from 24 June 1295 to 8 July (1312) 6 Edw. II by writs directed Johanni de Hastingges.
? 3.0 3.1 Francis Blomefield, 'Hundred of Wayland: Ashill', in An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 2 (London, 1805), pp. 349-355. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-hist-norfolk/vol2/pp349-355 [accessed 30 August 2018].
? Blomefield writes that "Sir John de Hastyngs, Knt. [...] was born at this town in 1262, and executed his office at the coronation of Edward II.; [...] In 1286, this John prosecuted Will. de Blundevill, the Subescheator of Norfolk, for seizing this manor at his father's death, into the King's hands, and cutting down 100 ashes then worth 3l. and for taking fish out of his pond to half a mark value, and he was forced to answer the damage; and this year he prosecuted John le Waleys for 4 messuages, and 40 acres of land, &c. in Tibenham and Carleton, and recovered them to this manor, by proving that his father had only leased them for a term, which was now expired. "
? He founded a town still existing there named Hastingues.
? "He was given possession of his mother's family's castle and barony of Abergavenny on 12 July 1283, having reached the age of twenty-one. During the next few years he undertook a number of missions for Edward I, to Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and Gascony. In 1285 his sister Ada married Rhys ap Maredudd and Hastings granted the couple all his lands in St Clare, Angoy, and Pemmlick. Two years later Rhys rebelled against the English and captured Emelyn Castle, where Hastings was ordered to attack him. The uprising was put down and Hastings was permitted to receive the fines, which were not to be severe, from his own Welsh tenants who had supported Rhys."(Oxford DNB)
? Citing "Magnu: Rot. Scot.—Foedera, VoI.i, p. 776: Annales Regni Scotie, pp. 309, 360.".
? 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families page 327-8 and "Royal Ancestry" Vol.3 p.255ff.
? Calendar of inquisitions post mortem and other analogous documents preserved in the Public Record Office Vol.VI (Edward II) 1910 p.385
? 'Inquisitions Post Mortem, Henry III, File 37', in Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, Volume 1, Henry III, ed. J E E S Sharp (London, 1904), pp. 225-231 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/inquis-post-mortem/vol1/pp225-231 [accessed 8 September 2015].
? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priory_Church_of_St_Mary,_Abergavenny
? Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families page 327
See also:
Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, (2011), Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Royal Ancestry series, 2nd edition, 4 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham, (Salt Lake City, Utah: the author, 2011), volume III, page 327 - 330, John de Hastings, #5
Pedigrees from the Plea Rolls, page 509.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings, database online (accessed 15 Jan 2015), Wikipedia, Creative Commons ShareAlike license
Geni
Wikipedia, database online, Baron Hastings
Jackson Ancestors
Fabpedigree
The Phillips, Weber, Kirk, & Staggs families of the Pacific Northwest
Celtic Royal Genealogy
Marlyn Lewis.

end of this biography

John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (6 May 1262 – 28 February 1313) was an English peer and soldier of the Middle Ages. Hastings was a competitor for the Scottish throne in 1290/92 in the Great Cause.

Baron

Hastings was the son of Henry de Hastings, who was summoned to Parliament by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester as Lord Hastings in 1263. However, this creation was not recognized by the King Henry III of England although John Hastings is sometimes referred to as the second Baron Hastings. His mother was Joanna de Cantilupe, sister and heiress of his uncle George de Cantilupe (d.1273).

He became the 13th Baron Bergavenny by tenure on the death of his uncle George de Cantilupe in 1273, and thereby acquired Abergavenny Castle and the honour of Abergavenny.

Soldier

Hastings fought from the 1290s in the Scottish, Irish and French wars of King Edward I and was later Seneschal of Aquitaine.

In 1290 he had unsuccessfully contested the Scottish crown as grandson of Ada, third daughter of David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, who was a grandson of King David I. The same year he was summoned to the English Parliament as Lord Hastings.

In 1301, he signed a letter to Pope Boniface VIII, protesting against papal interference in Scottish affairs.

Family and succession

Lord Hastings married as his first wife Isabel de Valence, daughter of William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke and had the following children:

William Hastings (1282–1311)
John Hastings, 2nd Baron Hastings (29 September 1286 – 20 January 1325), married to Juliane de Leybourne (died 1367). They had a son:
Lawrence who later became earl of Pembroke.
Edmund, who was summoned to Parliament as Lord Hastings in 1299.
Elizabeth who married Sir Roger de Grey, 1st Lord Grey (of Ruthin).[2]

He married second Isabel le Despenser, daughter of Hugh le Despenser and Isabella de Beauchamp. They had the following children:

Thomas de Hastings
Margaret de Hastings
Sir Hugh Hastings of Sutton (died 1347), married Margery Foliot (granddaughter of Jordan Foliot and of William de Braose). Had issue.[3]
He died in February 1313, aged 50, and was succeeded in the Barony by his eldest son John.

*

John married Isabel de Valence before 1280. Isabel (daughter of Sir William de Valence, Knight, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Lady Joan de Munchensi, Countess of Pembroke) was born in 0___ 1262; died on 5 Oct 1305. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Isabel le Despencer. Isabel (daughter of Sir Hugh le Despenser, Knight, 1st Earl of Winchester and Isabella Beauchamp) was born in (England). [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Eleanor of Castile (1241 - 28 November 1290) was the first queen consort of Edward I of England. She was also Countess of Ponthieu in her own right from 1279 until her death in 1290, succeeding her mother and ruling together with her husband.

Eleanor was better-educated than most medieval queens, and exerted a strong cultural influence on the nation. She was a keen patron of literature, and encouraged the use of tapestries, carpets and tableware in the Spanish style, as well as innovative garden designs. She was also a successful businesswoman, endowed with her own fortune as Countess of Ponthieu.

Issue

Daughter, stillborn in May 1255 in Bordeaux, France. Buried in Dominican Priory Church, Bordeaux, France.
Katherine (c 1261 – 5 September 1264) and buried in Westminster Abbey.
Joanna (January 1265 - before 7 September 1265), buried in Westminster Abbey.
John (13 July 1266 – 3 August 1271), died at Wallingford, in the custody of his granduncle, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. Buried in Westminster Abbey.
Henry (before 6 May 1268 – 16 October 1274), buried in Westminster Abbey.
Eleanor (18 June 1269 – 29 August 1298). She was long betrothed to Alfonso III of Aragon, who died in 1291 before the marriage could take place, and in 1293 she married Count Henry III of Bar, by whom she had one son and one daughter.
Daughter (1271 Palestine ). Some sources call her Juliana, but there is no contemporary evidence for her name.
Joan (April 1272 – 7 April 1307). She married (1) in 1290 Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, who died in 1295, and (2) in 1297 Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer. She had four children by each marriage.
Alphonso (24 November 1273 - 19 August 1284), Earl of Chester.
Margaret (15 March 1275 – after 1333). In 1290 she married John II of Brabant, who died in 1318. They had one son.
Berengaria (1 May 1276 – before 27 June 1278), buried in Westminster Abbey.
Daughter (December 1277/January 1278 - January 1278), buried in Westminster Abbey. There is no contemporary evidence for her name.
Mary (11 March 1279 – 29 May 1332), a Benedictine nun in Amesbury.
Son, born in 1280 or 1281 who died very shortly after birth. There is no contemporary evidence for his name.
Elizabeth (7 August 1282 – 5 May 1316). She married (1) in 1297 John I, Count of Holland, (2) in 1302 Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex. The first marriage was childless; by Bohun, Elizabeth had ten children.
Edward II of England, also known as Edward of Caernarvon (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327). In 1308 he married Isabella of France. They had two sons and two daughters.
It is often said, on the basis of antiquarian genealogies from the 15th-17th centuries, that Eleanor delivered 2 daughters in the years after Edward II's birth. The names most often associated with these ephemeral daughters are "Beatrice" and "Blanche"; later writers also mention "Juliana" and "Euphemia," and even a "Berenice," probably by confusion with the historical daughter Berengaria. At least one eighteenth-century writer made "Beatrice" and Berengaria into twins, presumably because of the alliteration of names; but Berengaria's birth in 1276 (not the 1280s) was noted by more than one chronicler of the day, and none of them reports that Berengaria had a twin sister. Queen Eleanor's wardrobe and treasury accounts survive almost intact for the years 1288-1290 and record no births in those years, nor do they ever refer to daughters with any of those names. Even more records survive from King Edward's wardrobe between 1286 and 1290 than for his wife's, and they too are silent on any such daughters. It is most unlikely that they ever existed in historical fact. It is more likely that there were other pregnancies and short-lived children in the years prior to 1266, when records for Eleanor's movements are very slight.

Eleanor as a mother

It has been suggested that Eleanor and Edward were more devoted to each other than to their children. As king and queen, however, it was impossible for them to spend much time in one place, and when they were very young, the children could not travel constantly with their parents. The children had a household staffed with attendants carefully chosen for competence and loyalty, with whom the parents corresponded regularly. The children lived in this comfortable establishment until they were about seven years old; then they began to accompany their parents, if at first only on important occasions. By their teens they were with the king and queen much of the time. In 1290, Eleanor sent one of her scribes to join her children's household, presumably to help with their education. She also sent gifts to the children regularly, and arranged for the entire establishment to be moved near to her when she was in Wales. In 1306 Edward sharply scolded Margerie de Haustede, Eleanor's former lady in waiting who was then in charge of his children by his second wife, because Margerie had not kept him well informed of their health. Edward also issued regular instructions for the care and guidance of these children.

Two incidents cited to imply Eleanor's lack of interest in her children are easily explained in the contexts of royal childrearing in general, and of particular events surrounding Edward and Eleanor's family. When their six-year-old son Henry lay dying at Guildford in 1274, neither parent made the short journey from London to see him; but Henry was tended by Edward's mother Eleanor of Provence. The boy had lived with his grandmother while his parents were absent on crusade, and since he was barely two years old when they left England in 1270, he could not have had many worthwhile memories of them at the time they returned to England in August 1274, only weeks before his last illness and death. In other words, the dowager queen was a more familiar and comforting presence to her grandson than his parents would have been at that time, and it was in all respects better that she tended him then. Furthermore, Eleanor was pregnant at the time of his final illness and death; exposure to a sickroom would probably have been discouraged. Similarly, Edward and Eleanor allowed her mother, Joan of Dammartin, to raise their daughter Joan in Ponthieu (1274–78). This implies no parental lack of interest in the girl; the practice of fostering noble children in other households of sufficient dignity was not unknown and Eleanor's mother was, of course, dowager queen of Castile. Her household was thus safe and dignified, but it does appear that Edward and Eleanor had cause to regret their generosity in letting Joan of Dammartin foster young Joan. When the girl reached England in 1278, aged six, it turned out that she was badly spoiled. She was spirited and at times defiant in childhood, and in adulthood remained a handful for Edward, defying his plans for a prestigious second marriage for her by secretly marrying one of her late first husband's squires. When the marriage was revealed in 1297 because Joan was pregnant, Edward was enraged that his dignity had been insulted by her marriage to a commoner of no importance. Joan, at twenty-five, reportedly defended her conduct to her father by saying that nobody saw anything wrong if a great earl married a poor woman, so there could be nothing wrong with a countess marrying a promising young man. Whether or not her retort ultimately changed his mind, Edward restored to Joan all the lands he had confiscated when he learned of her marriage, and accepted her new husband as a son-in-law in good standing. Joan marked her restoration to favour by having masses celebrated for the soul of her mother Eleanor.

Birth:
Maps & History of Burgos ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Burgos

Eleanor married Edward I, King of England on 18 Oct 1254 in Burgos, Segovia, Castile, Spain. Edward (son of Henry III, King of England and Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, Princess of Castile) was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster, London, Middlesex, England; was christened on 22 Jun 1239 in Westminster Abbey, 20 Deans Yd, London SW1P 3PA, United Kingdom; died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh by Sands, Carlisle, Cumbria, England; was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, 20 Deans Yd, London SW1P 3PA, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Grand Butler of France

Jean married Jeanne de Chateaudun in 1249. Jeanne (daughter of Sir Geoffrey de Chateaudun, VI, Viscount de Chateaudun and Clemence des Roches) was born in ~ 1227 in Chateau of Chateaudun, Eure-et-Loir, France; died after 1252. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Philippe III redirects here. It can also refer to Philippe III de Croÿ and Philippe III, Duke of Orlâeans.
Philip III the Bold

Reign 25 August 1270 – 5 October 1285
Coronation 30 August 1271
Predecessor Louis IX
Successor Philip IV
Born 30 April 1245
Poissy
Died 5 October 1285 (aged 40)
Perpignan
Burial Initially Narbonne, later Saint Denis Basilica
Spouse Isabella of Aragon (m. 1262)
Maria of Brabant (m. 1274)
Issue Louis of France
Philip IV of France
Charles, Count of Valois
Louis, Count of âEvreux
Blanche, Duchess of Austria
Margaret, Queen of England
House Capet
Father Louis IX of France
Mother Margaret of Provence
Religion Roman Catholicism

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Philip III of France" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Philip III (30 April 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (French: le Hardi),[1] was King of France from 1270 to 1285.

Philip proved indecisive, soft in nature, and timid. The strong personalities of his parents apparently crushed him, and policies of his father dominated him. People called him "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not on the basis of his political or personal character. He was pious but not cultivated. He followed the suggestions of others, first of Pierre de La Broce and then of his uncle King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania.

His father, Louis IX, died in Tunis during the Eighth Crusade. Philip, who was accompanying him, came back to France to claim his throne and was anointed at Reims in 1271.

Philip made numerous territorial acquisitions during his reign, the most notable being the County of Toulouse which was annexed to the Crown lands of France in 1271. Following the Sicilian Vespers, a rebellion triggered by Peter III of Aragon against Philip's uncle Charles I of Naples, Philip led an unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade in support of his uncle. Philip was forced to retreat and died from dysentry in Perpignan in 1285. He was succeeded by his son Philip the Fair.


Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Early life
1.2 Advent of Sorrow
1.3 Inheritances
1.4 Sicilian Vespers
1.5 Family matters
1.6 Aragonese Crusade and death
2 Review from Dante
3 Marriage and children
4 Ancestry
5 Notes
6 References
7 Sources
Biography
Early life
Philip was born in Poissy to King Saint Louis IX of France[2] and Margaret of Provence, queen consort of France. As a younger son, Philip was not expected to rule a kingdom. At the death of his elder brother Louis in 1260, he became the heir to the throne. He was then 15 years old and had less skill than his brother, being of a gentle character, submissive, timid and versatile, almost crushed by the strong personalities of his parents.

His mother Margaret made him promise to remain under her tutelage until the age of 30, but his father King Louis had him released from this oath by the pope, preferring to improve his son through education. Pope Urban IV released Philip from his oath on 6 June 1263. From 1268 Pierre de La Brosse became mentor. Saint Louis also provided him his own advice, writing in particular Enseignements, which inculcate primarily the notion of justice as the first duty of the king. He also received a very faith-oriented education. Guillaume d'Ercuis was also his chaplain before being the tutor of his son, the future king Philip IV.

Advent of Sorrow
Following the Treaty of Corbeil (1258), concluded on 11 March 1258 between James I of Aragon and his father, Philip was married in 1262 to Isabella of Aragon in Clermont by the archbishop of Rouen Eudes Rigaud. As Count of Orlâeans, he accompanied his father to the Eighth Crusade in Tunis, 1270. Shortly before his departure, St. Louis had given the regency of the kingdom into the hands of Mathieu de Vendãome and Simon II de Clermont-Nesle, Count of Clermont, to whom he had also entrusted the royal seal. After taking Carthage, the army was struck by an epidemic of dysentery, which spared neither Philip nor his family. His brother John Tristan, Count of Valois died first, on 3 August, and on 25 August the king died.[a][3] To prevent putrefaction of the remains of the sovereign, they recoursed to Mos Teutonicus.

Philip, then 25 years old, was proclaimed king in Tunis. With neither great personality or will, very pious, but a good rider, he owed his nickname of "Bold" to his valor in combat rather than strength of character. He was unable to command the troops at the death of his father. He left his uncle Charles I of Naples to negotiate with Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Hafsid Sultan of Tunis; there was a truce of ten years which allowed him to return to France. He got the payment of tribute from the caliph of Tunis in exchange for the departure of the crusaders. A treaty was concluded 28 October 1270 between the kings of France, Sicily and Navarre and the barons on one hand and the caliph of Tunis on the other.

Other deaths followed this debacle. In December, in Trapani, Sicily, the brother-in-law of Philip, King Theobald II of Navarre, died. He was followed in February by Philippe's wife, Isabella, who fell off her horse pregnant with their fifth child, dying in Cozenza (Calabria). In April, Theobald's wife and Philippe's sister Isabella also died.

Philip III arrived in Paris on 21 May 1271, and made foremost tribute to the deceased. The next day the funeral of his father was held. The new sovereign was crowned King of France in Reims 15 August 1271.

Inheritances
Alphonse, Count of Poitiers and Toulouse, uncle of the newly crowned king Philip III, returning from the crusade, died childless in Italy on 21 August 1271. Philip inherited the counties from his uncle and united them to the Crown lands of France, the royal domain. His inheritance included a portion of Auvergne, then the Terre royale d'Auvergne, later the Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with wishes of Alphonse, he granted the Comtat Venaissin to Blessed Pope Gregory X in 1274. This inheritance also included the Agenais. Several years of negotiations yielded the Treaty of Amiens (1279) with King Edward I of England, which restored this territory to the English.

Sicilian Vespers
King Philip III of France meanwhile supported policy of his uncle, King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania, in Italy.

King Peter III of Aragon and Valencia in 1282 triggered the Sicilian Vespers rebellion against King Charles I of Naples, Sicily, and Albania. The success of rebellion and invasion led to the coronation of Peter III of Aragon as king of Sicily therefore beginning the dynasty of the House of Barcelona in Sicily.

King Peter II of Aragon in 1205 put his realm under the suzerainty of the pope. Pope Martin IV excommunicated king Peter III of Aragon, the conqueror, and declared his kingdom forfeit.[4] The pope then granted Aragon to Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III, king of France.

Family matters
Joan I of Navarre, daughter of the deceased king Henry I of Navarre, reigned as queen regnant of Navarre. Philip IV of France, son of Philip III and heir to the French throne, took her as his wife in 1284 per the Treaty of Orlâeans signed by Philip III and Joan's mother, Blanche of Artois.

In 1284, Peter, Count of Perche and Alenðcon, died without surviving children; therefore, his oldest living brother, Philip III, king of France, inherited his domains.


Marriage of Philip and Marie of Brabant, Queen of France
Aragonese Crusade and death
Philip III of France in 1284 responded to the Sicilian Vespers in support of his partially dethroned uncle. With his sons, the king entered Roussillon at the head of a large army on the ultimately unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade. The war took the name "crusade" from its papal sanction; nevertheless, one historian labelled it "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy.".[5] On 26 June 1285, Philip III the Bold entrenched himself before Girona in an attempt to besiege the city. Despite the strong resistance, the French took Girona on 7 September 1285.

Philip quickly experienced a reversal, however, as an epidemic of dysentery hit hard the French camp. The disease afflicted king Philip III personally. The French retreated, and the Aragonese enemy handily defeated the French at the Battle of the Col de Panissars on 1 October 1285.

Philip III died of dysentery in Perpignan, the capital of his ally James II of Majorca, on 5 October 1285. His son, Philip IV of France the Fair, succeeded him as king of France. The attempt of Philip to conquer Aragon nearly bankrupted the French monarchy, causing challenges for his successor.[6]

Following the Mos Teutonicus custom, his body was divided in several parts buried in different places : the flesh was sent to the Narbonne Cathedral, the entrails to La Noèe abbey in Normandy, his heart to the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris and his bones to Basilica of St Denis, at the time north of Paris.[7]

Review from Dante
In the Divine Comedy, Dante envisions the spirit of Philip outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante does not name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed"[8] and "the father of the Pest of France," a reference to king Philip IV of France.

Marriage and children
French Monarchy
Direct Capetians
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Hugh Capet
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Robert II
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Henry I
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Philip I
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Louis VI
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Louis VII
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Philip II
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Louis VIII
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Louis IX
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Philip III
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Philip IV
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Louis X
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Charles IV
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On 28 May 1262, Philip married Isabella, daughter of King James I of Aragon and his second wife Yolande of Hungary.[9] They had the following children:

Louis (1264 - May 1276). He was poisoned, possibly by orders of his stepmother.
Philip IV of France (1268 – 29 November 1314), his successor, married Joan I of Navarre[10]
Robert (1269–1271)
Charles, Count of Valois (12 March 1270 – 16 December 1325),[11] Count of Valois from 1284, married first to Margaret of Anjou in 1290, second to Catherine I of Courtenay in 1302, and last to Mahaut of Chatillon in 1308
Stillborn son (1271)
After death of Queen Isabella, he married on 21 August 1274 Marie,[12] daughter of the late Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy, Duchess of Brabant. Their children were:

Louis, Count of âEvreux (May 1276 – 19 May 1319), Count of âEvreux from 1298,[11] married Margaret of Artois
Blanche of France, Duchess of Austria (1278 – 19 March 1305, Vienna), married the duke, the future king Rudolf I of Bohemia and Poland, on 25 May 1300.[13]
Margaret of France, Queen of England (1282 – 14 February 1318), married king Edward I of England on 8 September 1299
Ancestry
Ancestors of Philip III of France
Notes
The disease in question was either dysentery or typhus.[3]
Biography portal
References
Hallam 1980, p. 275.
Bradbury 2007, p. 237.
Riley-Smith 2005, pp. 210–211.
Bradbury 2007, p. 239.
Chaytor 1933, p. 105.
Sumption 1990, p. 24.
Câardenas 2014, p. ?.
de Pontfarcy 2010, p. 691.
Jordan 2007, p. 727.
Woodacre 2013, p. xviii.
Henneman 1971, p. xvii.
Earenfight 2013, p. 158.
Morrison & Hedeman 2010, p. 4.
Sources
Bradbury, Jim (2007). The Capetians: The History of a Dynasty. Continuum.
Câardenas, Fabricio (2014). 66 petites histoires du Pays Catalan (in French). Ultima Necat.
Chaytor, H.J. (1933). A History of Aragon and Catalonia. Methuen Publishing Ltd.
Earenfight, Theresa (2013). Queenship in Medieval Europe. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hallam, Elizabeth M. (1980). Capetian France: 987–1328. Longman.
Henneman, John Bell (1971). Royal Taxation in Fourteenth-Century France: The Development of War Financing, 1322–1359. Princeton University Press.
Jordan, William Chester (2007). "Philip III the Bold". In Kibler, William W.; Zinn, Grover A. (eds.). Medieval France: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.
Morrison, Elizabeth; Hedeman, Anne Dawson, eds. (2010). Imagining the Past in France: History in Manuscript Painting, 1250–1500. J. Paul Getty Museum.
de Pontfarcy, Yolanda (2010). "Philip III". In Lansing, Richard (ed.). The Dante Encyclopedia. Routledge.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan (2005). The Crusades: A History. Continuum.
Sumption, Jonathan (1990). The Hundred Years War:Trial by Battle. Vol. I. Faber and Faber Limited.
Woodacre, Elena (2013). The Queens Regnant of Navarre. Palgrave Macmillan.
Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. 1933.
Philip III of France
House of Capet
Born: 30 April 1245 Died: 5 October 1285
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Louis IX King of France
25 August 1270 – 5 October 1285 Succeeded by
Philip IV


end of this biography

Buried:
Photo & History: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis

Phillip married Isabella of Aragon, Queen consort of France on 28 May 1262 in Clermont, France. Isabella was born in 1248 in (Aragon, Spain); died on 28 Jan 1271; was buried in Basilica of St Denis, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Phillip married Maria of Brabant, Queen of France on 21 Aug 1274. Maria was born on 13 May 1254 in Leuven, Belgium; died on 12 Jan 1322 in Les Mureaux, France; was buried in Cordeliers Convent, Paris, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Joan of Acre (April 1272 - 23 April 1307) was an English princess, a daughter of King Edward I of England and Queen Eleanor of Castile.[2] The name "Acre" derives from her birthplace in the Holy Land while her parents were on a crusade.

She was married twice; her first husband was Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, one of the most powerful nobles in her father's kingdom; her second husband was Ralph de Monthermer, a squire in her household whom she married in secret.

Joan is most notable for the claim that miracles have allegedly taken place at her grave, and for the multiple references to her in literature.

Birth and childhood

Joan (or Joanna, as she is sometimes called) of Acre was born in the spring of 1272 in the Kingdom of Acre, Outremer, now in modern Israel, while her parents, Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, were on crusade.[3] At the time of Joan's birth, her grandfather, Henry III, was still alive and thus her father was not yet king of England. Her parents departed from Acre shortly after her birth, traveling to Sicily and Spain[4] before leaving Joan with Eleanor's mother, Joan, Countess of Ponthieu, in France.[5] Joan lived for several years in France where she spent her time being educated by a bishop and “being thoroughly spoiled by an indulgent grandmother.”[6] Joan was free to play among the “vine clad hills and sunny vales”[7] surrounding her grandmother’s home, although she required “judicious surveillance.”[8]

As Joan was growing up with her grandmother, her father was back in England, already arranging marriages for his daughter. He hoped to gain both political power and more wealth with his daughter's marriage, so he conducted the arrangement in a very “business like style”.[9] He finally found a man suitable to marry Joan (aged 5 at the time), Hartman, son of King Rudoph I, of Germany. Edward then brought her home from France for the first time to meet him.[10] As she had spent her entire life away from Edward and Eleanor, when she returned she “stood in no awe of her parents”[6] and had a fairly distanced relationship with them.

Unfortunately for King Edward, his daughter’s suitor died before he was able to meet or marry Joan. The news reported that Hartman had fallen through a patch of shallow ice while “amusing himself in skating” while a letter sent to the King himself stated that Hartman had set out on a boat to visit his father amidst a terrible fog and the boat had smashed into a rock, drowning him.[11]

First marriage

Edward arranged a second marriage almost immediately after the death of Hartman.[12] Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, who was almost thirty years older than Joan and newly divorced, was his first choice.[13] The earl resigned his lands to Edward upon agreeing to get them back when he married Joan, as well as agreed on a dower of two thousand silver marks.[14] By the time all of these negotiations were finished, Joan was twelve years old.[14] Gilbert de Clare became very enamored with Joan, and even though she had to marry him regardless of how she felt, he still tried to woo her.[15] He bought her expensive gifts and clothing to try to win favor with her.[16] The couple were married on 30 April 1290 at Westminster Abbey, and had four children together.[17] They were:

Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford
Eleanor de Clare
Margaret de Clare
Elizabeth de Clare

Joan's first husband, Gilbert de Clare died on 7 December 1295.[18]

Secret second marriage

Joan had been a widow for only a little over a year when she caught the eye of Ralph de Monthermer, a squire in Joan’s father’s household.[19] Joan fell in love and convinced her father to have Monthermer knighted. It was unheard of in European royalty for a noble lady to even converse with a man who had not won or acquired importance in the household. However, in January 1297 Joan secretly married [20] Ralph. Joan's father was already planning another marriage for Joan to Amadeus V, Count of Savoy,[20] to occur 16 March 1297. Joan was in a dangerous predicament, as she was already married, unbeknownst to her father.

Joan sent her four young children to their grandfather, in hopes that their sweetness would win Edward's favor, but her plan did not work.[21] The king soon discovered his daughter's intentions, but not yet aware that she had already committed to them,[18] he seized Joan’s lands and continued to arrange her marriage to Amadeus of Savoy.[17] Soon after the seizure of her lands, Joan told her father that she had married Ralph. The king was enraged and retaliated by immediately imprisoning Monthermer at Bristol Castle.[17] The people of the land had differing opinions on the princess’ matter. It has been argued that the ones who were most upset were those who wanted Joan’s hand in marriage.[22]

With regard to the matter, Joan famously said, “It is not considered ignominious, nor disgraceful for a great earl to take a poor and mean woman to wife; neither, on the other hand, is it worthy of blame, or too difficult a thing for a countess to promote to honor a gallant youth.”[23] Joan's statement in addition to a possibly obvious pregnancy seemed to soften Edward’s attitude towards the situation.[22] Joan's first child by Monthermer was born in October 1297; by the summer of 1297, when the marriage was revealed to Edward I, Joan's condition would certainly have been apparent, and would have convinced Edward that he had no choice but to recognize his daughter's marriage. Edward I eventually relented for the sake of his daughter and released Monthermer from prison in August 1297.[17] Monthermer paid homage 2 August, and being granted the titles of Earl of Gloucester and Earl of Hertford, he rose to favour with the King during Joan's lifetime.[24]

Monthermer and Joan had four children:

Mary de Monthermer, born October 1297. In 1306 her grandfather King Edward I arranged for her to wed Duncan Macduff, 8th Earl of Fife.
Joan de Monthermer, born 1299, became a nun at Amesbury.
Thomas de Monthermer, 2nd Baron Monthermer, born 1301.
Edward de Monthermer, born 1304 and died 1339.

Relationship with family

Joan of Acre was the seventh of Edward I and Eleanor’s fourteen children. Most of her older siblings died before the age of seven, and many of her younger siblings died before adulthood.[25] Those who survived to adulthood were Joan, her younger brother, Edward of Caernarfon (later Edward II), and four of her sisters: Eleanor, Margaret, Mary, and Elizabeth.[26]

Joan, like her siblings, was raised outside her parents' household. She lived with her grandmother in Ponthieu for four years, and was then entrusted to the same caregivers who looked after her siblings.[27] Edward I did not have a close relationship with most of his children while they were growing up, yet “he seemed fonder of his daughters than his sons.”[26]

However, Joan of Acre’s independent nature caused numerous conflicts with her father. Her father disapproved of her leaving court after her marriage to the Earl of Gloucester, and in turn “seized seven robes that had been made for her.”[28] He also strongly disapproved of her second marriage to Ralph de Monthermer, a squire in her household, even to the point of attempting to force her to marry someone else.[28][29] While Edward ultimately developed a cordial relationship with Monthermer, even giving him the title of Earl,[28] there appears to have been a notable difference in the Edward’s treatment of Joan as compared to the treatment of the rest of her siblings. For instance, her father famously paid messengers substantially when they brought news of the birth of grandchildren, but did not do this upon birth of Joan’s daughter.[30]

In terms of her siblings, Joan kept a fairly tight bond. She and Monthermer both maintained a close relationship with her brother, Edward, which was maintained through letters. After Edward became estranged from his father and lost his royal seal, “Joan offered to lend him her seal” .[31]

Death

Joan died on 23 April 1307, at the manor of Clare in Suffolk.[24] The cause of her death remains unclear, though one popular theory is that she died during childbirth, a common cause of death at the time. While Joan's age in 1307 (about 35) and the chronology of her earlier pregnancies with Ralph de Monthermer suggest that this could well be the case, historians have not confirmed the cause of her death.[32]

Less than four months after her death, Joan’s father died. Joan's widower, Ralph de Monthermer, lost the title of Earl of Gloucester soon after the deaths of his wife and father-in-law. The earldom of Gloucester was given to Joan’s son from her first marriage, Gilbert, who was its rightful holder. Monthermer continued to hold a nominal earldom in Scotland, which had been conferred on him by Edward I, until his death.

Joan’s burial place has been the cause of some interest and debate. She is interred in the Augustinian priory at Clare, which had been founded by her first husband's ancestors and where many of them were also buried. Allegedly, in 1357, Joan’s daughter, Elizabeth De Burgh, claimed to have “inspected her mother's body and found the corpse to be intact,”,[32] which in the eyes of the Roman Catholic Church is an indication of sanctity. This claim was only recorded in a fifteenth-century chronicle, however, and its details are uncertain, especially the statement that her corpse was in such a state of preservation that "when her paps [breasts] were pressed with hands, they rose up again." Some sources further claim that miracles took place at Joan's tomb,[32] but no cause for her beatification or canonization has ever been introduced.

end of biography

Family/Spouse: Sir Gilbert de Clare, Knight, Earl of Hertford. Gilbert (son of Sir Richard de Clare, Knight, 6th Earl of Gloucester and Maud de Lacy) was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire, England; died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales; was buried in Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England GL20 5RZ. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Joan married Sir Ralph Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer before 1319. Ralph was born in ~1270 in Stoke, Hampton, Wiltshire, England; died on 5 Apr 1325; was buried in Grey Friars, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (7 August 1282 - 5 May 1316) was the eighth and youngest daughter of King Edward I and Queen Eleanor of Castile. Of all of her siblings, she was closest to her younger brother King Edward II, as they were only two years apart in age.

First marriage

In April 1285 there were negotiations with Floris V for Elizabeth's betrothal to his son John I, Count of Holland. The offer was accepted and John was sent to England to be educated. On 8 January 1297 Elizabeth was married to John at Ipswich. In attendance at the marriage were Elizabeth's sister Margaret, her father, Edward I of England, her brother Edward, and Humphrey de Bohun. After the wedding Elizabeth was expected to go to Holland with her husband, but did not wish to go, leaving her husband to go alone.

After some time travelling England, it was decided Elizabeth should follow her husband. Her father accompanied her, travelling through the Southern Netherlands between Antwerp, Mechelen, Leuven and Brussels, before ending up in Ghent. There they remained for a few months, spending Christmas with her two sisters Eleanor and Margaret. On 10 November 1299, John died of dysentery, though there were rumours of his murder. No children had been born from the marriage.

Second marriage

On her return trip to England, Elizabeth went through Brabant to see her sister Margaret. When she arrived in England, she met her stepmother Margaret, whom Edward had married while she was in Holland. On 14 November 1302 Elizabeth was married to Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, 3rd of Essex, also Constable of England, at Westminster Abbey.[citation needed]

Offspring

The children of Elizabeth and Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford were:

Hugh de Bohun (September 1303 – 1305)
Lady Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 – 1363)
Humphrey de Bohun (b&d 1305) (buried with Mary or Margaret)
Mary or Margaret de Bohun (b&d 1305) (buried with Humphrey)
John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (23 November 1306 – 1335)
Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (6 December c. 1309 – 1361)
Margaret de Bohun, 2nd Countess of Devon (3 April 1311 – 1391)
William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (1312–1360).
Edward de Bohun (1312–1334), twin of William
Eneas de Bohun, (1314 - after 1322); he is mentioned in his father's will
Isabel de Bohun (b&d 5 May 1316)

Later life

During Christmas 1315, Elizabeth, who was pregnant with her eleventh child, was visited by her sister-in-law, Queen Isabella of France. This was a great honour, but the stress of it may have caused unknown health problems that later contributed to Elizabeth's death in childbirth.[citation needed] On 5 May 1316 she went into labour, giving birth to her daughter Isabella. Both Elizabeth and her daughter Isabella died shortly after the birth, and were buried together in Waltham Abbey.

Birth:
Rhuddlan Castle (Welsh: Castell Rhuddlan) is a castle located in Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales. It was erected by Edward I in 1277 following the First Welsh War.

View images, map & history ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhuddlan_Castle

Died:
shortly after childbirth...

Buried:
Waltham Abbey is a market town of about 20,400 people in Epping Forest District in the southwest of the county of Essex, 24 km (15 mi) NNE of central London on the Greenwich Meridian, between the River Lea in the west and Epping Forest in the east.

Waltham Abbey takes its name from the Abbey Church of Waltham Holy Cross, a scheduled ancient monument that was prominent in the town's early history.

more ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltham_Abbey_(town)

Elizabeth married Sir Humphrey de Bohun, VII, 4th Earl of Hereford on 14 Nov 1302 in Westminster Abbey, 20 Deans Yd, London SW1P 3PA, United Kingdom. Humphrey (son of Sir Humphrey de Bohun, V, Knight, 3rd Earl of Hereford and Maud de Fiennes) was born in ~ 1276 in Pleshey Castle, Essex, England; died on 16 Mar 1322 in Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, England; was buried in Friars Minor, York, Yorkshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]